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Chômage involontaire d'équilibre et asymétrie entre salariés et non-salariés : la loi de Walras restreinte

Author

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  • Jean Cartelier
  • Claude Jessua

Abstract

[fre] L'interprétation du chômage persistant comme révélant une coordination sur un équilibre de sous-emploi est aujourd'hui dominante parmi la profession. Ce résultat est obtenu par divers amendements aux hypothèses du modèle de base d'équilibre général. Dans ce texte, on cherche à réhabiliter un autre point de vue, celui de Keynes qui fait du chômage persistant un chômage involontaire d'équili­bre. Cette thèse n'est intelligible que si la loi de Walras ne s'applique pas. C'est effectivement le cas si l'on introduit dans le modèle de base une asymétrie entre les salariés et les non-salariés au niveau de leurs contraintes budgétaires. La loi de Walras est alors restreinte et le modèle admet un continuum d'équilibres géné­raux paramétrés par l'offre excédentaire sur le marché du travail. En outre, ces équilibres sont stables si le salaire nominal est rigide. [eng] The generally accepted explanation of persistent unemployment in our econo­mies is based on the theory of suboptimal equilibria. These equilibria are the out­come of general equilibrium theory where some market imperfections are introduced (real rigidities, asymmetry of information, etc.). In this paper, another approach is adopted where persistent unemployment is interpreted as an involun­tary unemployment equilibrium, in the spirit of Keynes. This cannot be done but by rejecting Walras's law. When budgetary constraints of wage-earners differ from those of entrepreneurs, it is possible to have a partial Walras's law. In such a model, there exists a continuum of Keynesian equilibria. Effective demand theory allows one to select an equilibrium in the continuum. These equilibria are stable if the nominal wage is rigid.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Cartelier & Claude Jessua, 1996. "Chômage involontaire d'équilibre et asymétrie entre salariés et non-salariés : la loi de Walras restreinte," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(3), pages 655-666.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1996_num_47_3_409802
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1996.409802
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1996.409802
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rhodes, James R, 1984. "Walras' Law and Clower's Inequality," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(42), pages 112-122, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michel De Vroey, 1997. "Le concept de chômage involontaire : de Keynes aux nouveaux keynésiens," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(6), pages 1381-1408.
    2. Nicolas Piluso, 2007. "Le rôle de l'incertitude dans la théorie du chômage de Keynes Le rôle de l'incertitude dans la théorie du chômage de Keynes," Post-Print hal-01399031, HAL.
    3. Jean Cartelier, 2014. "Entrepreneurs and wage-earners: a monetary approach," Working Papers hal-04141346, HAL.
    4. Nicolas Piluso & Gabriel Colletis, 2021. "A Keynesian reformulation of the WS-PS model: Keynesian unemployment and Classical unemployment," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(2), pages 447-460, July.
    5. Nicolas Piluso, 2011. "Chômage involontaire et rationnement du crédit : une relecture de la relation salaire-emploi," Post-Print hal-00809436, HAL.
    6. Jean Cartelier, 2014. "Entrepreneurs and wage-earners: a monetary approach," EconomiX Working Papers 2014-19, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.

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