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Les effets du renchérissement de l'énergie de 1974 à 1984 sur l'agriculture française et son environnement

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  • S. Bonny

Abstract

[fre] Le renchérissement de l'énergie entre 1974 et 1984 a constitué une forte perturbation de l'économie française. On cherche ici à analyser quelles en ont été les conséquences sur l'agriculture et sur certains aspects du système agro-alimentaire, et plus généralement on s'interroge sur l'évolution de l'agriculture depuis 1974 : est-elle devenue plus économe en raison de la crise ? On analyse tout d'abord l'évolution de l'utilisation des diverses énergies dans le secteur agro-alimentaire : on met en évidence des économies de produits pétroliers dans leurs usages thermiques, une diversification des combustibles, une croissance de l'utilisation d'électricité. Dans un deuxième temps on aborde les effets de la crise de l'énergie sur l'économie agro-alimentaire, en particulier sur le revenu des agriculteurs, le choix et la localisation des productions, les échanges agro-alimentaires. En dernier lieu on rappelle le questionnement sur le modèle de production agricole et les nouvelles missions envisagées pour l'agriculture. Alors que le modèle de consommation alimentaire est resté énergivore, le modèle de production agricole semble devenu plus efficient : il faut moins d'énergie et moins d'intrants pour obtenir un volume donné de production agricole ; ce phénomène marque-t-il une rupture durable ? [eng] The impact of the rise in energy prices between 1974 and 1984 on french agriculture and its environment - The rise in energy prices between 1974 and 1984 created a strong disruption in the French economy. We attempt here to analyse its impact on agriculture and on some aspects of the agrofood system ; more generally we question the development of agriculture since 1974 : has it become more economical because of the crisis ? First of all we analyse the development of the use of the different types of energy in agricultural sector. We highlight savings in the thermic use of petroleum products, diversification of combustibles and increased use of electricity. Secondly we assess the effects of the energy crisis on agro-food economy, especially as regards farm incomes, the choice and location of productions, and food product trade. Finally we recall the doubts upon the agricultural production model and the new projects conceived for agriculture. The food consumption model has remained energy intensive but the agricultural production model seems to have become more efficient : less energy and less inputs are necessary to obtain a certain volume of agricultural production. Does this phenomenon mark a lasting change ?

Suggested Citation

  • S. Bonny, 1987. "Les effets du renchérissement de l'énergie de 1974 à 1984 sur l'agriculture française et son environnement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 180(1), pages 3-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1987_num_180_1_3828
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1987.3828
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1987.3828
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. C. Albecker & C. Lefebvre, 1985. "Un modèle économétrique de l'agriculture française (MAGALI)," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 165(1), pages 27-33.
    2. Sylvie Bonny, 1981. "Vers un autre modèle de développement agricole ?," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 146(1), pages 20-29.
    3. P.A. Jayet & J.C. Sourie, 1983. "Les valorisations énergétiques des biomasses, difficultés et promesses," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 158(1), pages 34-41.
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