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Les valorisations énergétiques des biomasses, difficultés et promesses

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  • P.A. Jayet
  • J.C. Sourie

Abstract

[eng] Energetic valorization of biomass . Energetic uses of biomass are growing very slowly. To day, in 1983, about 3,5 on 4 Millions of tons (oil equivalent) of wood and by products from wood processing industries are valorized as solid fuels. Energetic supply of others by-products like ce real -straws, animal wastes, energetic crops are not yet significant. Monetary costs, for final user, are usually important, especially when the biomass needs to be collected. Biomass transportation amplifies the costs of energy because it generates différents rents among biomass producers. It's why on farm or on firm biomass uses often are the better economic ways. . Two hypothesis for biomass development may be suggested : . First, a low scenario; in this case, dry biomass only, wood and straw, should be burned to satisfy thermic needs, directly on production sites or after a transportation on short distances. . Secondly a high scenario which supposes technical improvements and an increase of the oil prices so that liquid fuels conversion for biomass should become realistic. . In the best conditions, the whole energetic supply should not probably exceed 5 or 6 Mtoe at the end of the century. Clearly this estimation is farm from official ones presuming very strong incentives and situated about 8 or 10 Mtoe in 1990. [fre] L'utilisation énergétique de la biomasse progresse très lentement. 3,5 à 4 Mtep de bois et de sous-produits de l'exploitation forestière sont actuellement valorisées comme combustibles. La contribution énergétique des autres sous-produits, pailles, déjections animales, cultures énergétiques est encore négligeable. Le coût de l'énergie finale, rendue utilisateur, est généralement important, surtout si les biomasses sont collectées. La collecte amplifie les coûts en faisant naître des rentes. C'est pourquoi l'utilisation sur place des biomasses est souvent préférable. . Deux hypothèses de développement sont proposées : un scénario bas où seules les biomasses sèches, essentiellement des sous-produits comme les bois et la paille, seront exploitées à des fins thermiques, surtout sur les lieux mêmes de production. Un scénario haut, supposant une hausse du prix du pétrole, où les enjeux concerneraient la production de carburants: méthanol, acétone butanol, éthanol. . Dans le meilleur des cas, la contribution totale énergétique ne devrait pasdépasser 5 à 6 Mtep vers la fin des années 90. Celle-ci est assez nettement en retrait par rapport aux évaluations officielles qui se situent autour de 8 à 10 Mtep dès 1990, dans une perspective plus volontariste.

Suggested Citation

  • P.A. Jayet & J.C. Sourie, 1983. "Les valorisations énergétiques des biomasses, difficultés et promesses," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 158(1), pages 34-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1983_num_158_1_3009
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1983.3009
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1983.3009
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    Cited by:

    1. S. Bonny, 1987. "Les effets du renchérissement de l'énergie de 1974 à 1984 sur l'agriculture française et son environnement," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 180(1), pages 3-11.

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