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Les étrangers : une main-d'oeuvre à part ?

Author

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  • Eric Maurin

Abstract

[spa] Los extranjeros: ¿ una mano de obra aparté? - El riesgo de desempleo es mayor para un magrebí o un oriundo de Asia del sudeste que para un francés que tenga la misma edad, que trabaje en el mismo sector y que cuente con la misma capacitación y calificación. Para encontrar un empleo estable los extranjeros se hallan confrontados a ciertas dificultades que no son solo las inhérentes a los medios sociales más desfavorecidos. . Entre 1983 y 1989, la baja del empleo industrial afectó más a los extranjeros que a los franceses. Asimismo, en 1988 la recuperación fue netamente más favorable a estos últimos. En el sector terciario el desarrollo del empleo no es de idéntica naturaleza para los franceses que para los extranjeros: estos últimos tratan de encontrar trabajo en los sectores inestables del comercio y de los servicios mercantiles mientras que los empleos del sector terciario y de seguros están cada vez mâs reservados a los franceses. . Por detrás de los problemas de la mano de obra extranjera existen desventajas difîciles de evaluar, en particular la del idioma. No es posible distinguir lo que podría aparentarse a elementos de discriminaciôn por parte de los empleadores de todo aquello que traduciria objetivamente un menor « capital cultural » de los trabajadores extranjeros. [fre] Le risque du chômage est plus élevé pour un Maghrébin ou un ressortissant d'Asie du Sud-Est, que pour un Français du même âge, ayant la même formation, la même qualification et travaillant dans le même secteur. Pour trouver un emploi stable, les étrangers rencontrent des difficultés qui ne sont pas seulement celles des milieux les plus démunis. . Au cours des années quatre-vingt, la baisse de l'emploi industriel a plus touche les étrangers que les Français. En 1988, la reprise reste nettement plus favorable à ces derniers. Dans le tertiaire, le développement de l'emploi n'est pas de même nature pour les Français et les étrangers : ces derniers trouvent surtout à s'employer dans les métiers instables du commerce et des services marchands, tandis que les emplois des banques ou des assurances sont de plus en plus complètement acquis aux Français. . Derrière les problèmes de la main-d'œuvre étrangère, il y a des handicaps que nous ne pouvons pas mesurer, en particulier celui de la langue. Il n'est pas possible de faire le départ entre ce qui pourrait s'apparenter à des éléments de discrimination de la part des employeurs et ce qui ne ferait que traduire objectivement un moindre "capital culturel" des travailleurs étrangers. [eng] Do Foreigners Constitute a Different Type of Labor? - The risk of unemployment is higher for a North African or a South-East Asian national than for a French worker who is of the same age, has the same training and the same qualifications, and works in the same field. To find a steady job, foreigners encounter difficulties beyond those of workers with the most underprivileged backgrounds. . Between 1983 and 1989, the drop in industrial employment affected foreigners more than French people. Similarly in 1 988, the recovery was clearly more beneficial to the French. In the service sector, the trends of employment were not the same for French people and foreigners, the latter mostly found work in unsteady jobs in commerce and merchant services, whereas banking or insurance jobs increasingly went to French people. . Behind the problems of foreign labor, there are handicaps that cannot be measured, particularly those of language. It is not possible to make a difference between elements that could be linked to discrimination on the part of employers and what could only express objectively the lower "cultural capital" of foreign workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Maurin, 1991. "Les étrangers : une main-d'oeuvre à part ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 242(1), pages 39-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_242_1_5562
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.5562
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.5562
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    Cited by:

    1. Claudia Senik & Thierry Verdier, 2011. "Segregation, entrepreneurship and work values: the case of France," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 24(4), pages 1207-1234, October.
    2. Dominique Goux & Eric Maurin, 1993. "La sécurité de l'emploi, une priorité croissante pour les diplômes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 261(1), pages 67-77.
    3. Meng, Xin & Meurs, Dominique, 2006. "Intermarriage, Language, and Economic Assimilation Process: A Case Study of France," IZA Discussion Papers 2461, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Louis Dirn & Louis Chauvel & Michel Forse & Henri Mendras & Laurent Mucchielli, 1997. "Chronique des tendances de la société française," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 60(1), pages 79-106.

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