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The smart city paradigm in the 21st century: Pathways and pitfalls

Author

Listed:
  • Khoren MKHITARYAN

    (Armenian State University of Economics)

  • Anna SANAMYAN

    (Armenian State University of Economics)

  • Mariam MNATSAKANYAN

    (Armenian State University of Economics)

  • Erika KIRAKOSYAN

    (Armenian State University of Economics)

Abstract

The paper explores the smart city paradigm as a transformative framework for 21st-century urban governance, focusing on the integration of advanced ICT tools to promote efficiency, inclusivity, and sustainability. Objectives: The study aims to examine global trends in smart urban development and assess their applicability within the Armenian context. Prior work: Building on research from urban innovation studies and digital governance practices incities like Singapore, Copenhagen, and Tallinn—as well as recent analyses published in SCRD—it highlights both the benefits and limitations of current models. Approach: A qualitative methodology is used, combining comparative analysis, policy document review, and secondary statistical data. Results: Findings reveal significant disparities between global frontrunners and Armenia in readiness and infrastructure, yet also underscore Armenia’s latent capacity through skilled workforce and diaspora engagement.Implications: This study provides practical insights for local policymakers, urban planners, and ICT professionals seeking to design adaptive, scalable, and citizen-centered smart city strategies. Value: The article contributes an original roadmap—"Smart Yerevan Model"—with algorithmic planning, ROI simulation, and risk evaluation tools tailored to emerging economies. It offers both theoretical insight and actionable strategies to transition towards a more resilient urban future.

Suggested Citation

  • Khoren MKHITARYAN & Anna SANAMYAN & Mariam MNATSAKANYAN & Erika KIRAKOSYAN, 2025. "The smart city paradigm in the 21st century: Pathways and pitfalls," Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal, Smart-EDU Hub, Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political Studies & Public Administration, vol. 9(4), pages 77-92, november.
    • Handle: RePEc:pop:journl:v:9:y:2025:i:4:p:77-92
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.25019/a3etcc19
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hashem, Ibrahim Abaker Targio & Chang, Victor & Anuar, Nor Badrul & Adewole, Kayode & Yaqoob, Ibrar & Gani, Abdullah & Ahmed, Ejaz & Chiroma, Haruna, 2016. "The role of big data in smart city," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 748-758.
    2. Luca Mora & Roberto Bolici & Mark Deakin, 2017. "The First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 3-27, January.
    3. Vito Albino & Umberto Berardi & Rosa Maria Dangelico, 2015. "Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 3-21, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nataliia FEDIRKO, 2026. "Leveraging smart governance for Ukraine's macroeconomic recovery and stabilisation," Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal, Smart-EDU Hub, Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political Studies & Public Administration, vol. 10(1), pages 109-128, february.

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