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Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana

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  • Angela Nana Esi Ackon
  • Hubert Amu
  • Martin Amogre Ayanore

Abstract

Introduction: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are a common component of healthcare financing in many low-and middle-income countries including Ghana. Despite implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana which is expected to protect against catastrophic OOP payments, patients still make some form of payments with its attendant negative implications for improved health status. We examined the prevalence and self-reported effects of OOP payments among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme attending a referral hospital in Hohoe, Ghana. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 389 hypertensive patients between February and May 2022 using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using Stata software version 15. We employed descriptive statistics and logistic regression in analysing the data. Statistical significance was considered at p

Suggested Citation

  • Angela Nana Esi Ackon & Hubert Amu & Martin Amogre Ayanore, 2026. "Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(5), pages 1-1, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0348971
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0348971
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sisira Kumara, Ajantha & Samaratunge, Ramanie, 2019. "Relationship between healthcare utilization and household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure: Evidence from an emerging economy with a free healthcare policy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1-1.
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