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The influence of women’s groups mobilisation on health emergency response: Evidence from the Ebola outbreak in Liberia

Author

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  • Florence Wullo Anfaara
  • Erica S Lawson
  • Kilian Nasung Atuoye
  • Isaac Luginaah

Abstract

Background: The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa showed that multiple response strategies are necessary to contain disease outbreaks in resource-constrained settings. A critical component of these response strategies was the involvement of community members and women’s groups in leading them. While women’s groups actively participated in Ebola containment strategies in various communities, there is a dearth of research on their role or how their presence in communities affected the deployment of Ebola response strategies. In contributing to bridging this knowledge gap, we ask: How did the presence of women’s groups influence perceptions of Ebola response strategies in Ebola-affected communities in Liberia?. Methods: We fitted multivariate multinomial logistic regression models to cross-sectional data (n = 1,340) collected in five counties in Liberia. We built a composite model from community response strategies that participants reported witnessing. These responses were then categorized into no response, single-response, and multiple-response strategies. Response strategies included Ebola education and sensitisation campaigns, community surveillance, lobbying for personal protective equipment (PPEs), and other measures (e.g., prayer). Single responses pertain to participants choosing only one response strategy, while multiple responses indicate the selection of two or more response strategies. Results: Overall, we found that knowledge about the presence of women’s groups was associated with an increased likelihood of participants reporting having witnessed a community response during the Ebola outbreak. Specifically, participants who reported having women’s groups in their communities had 89% and 98% higher odds of reporting a single Ebola response (RRR = 1.89, p ≤ 0.001) and multiple responses (RRR = 1.98, p ≤ 0.001), respectively. We also found some demographic, socioeconomic, and place-based variables to be associated with Ebola response strategies. Conclusion: We provide relevant policy recommendations necessary to center women’s groups and other community organisations in Liberia’s strategic health plan toward a pandemic-ready future. We believe that strengthening local, national, and international collaborations is critical to achieving this future and can help the country reach its SDG 3.3 goal of ending infectious diseases by 2030.

Suggested Citation

  • Florence Wullo Anfaara & Erica S Lawson & Kilian Nasung Atuoye & Isaac Luginaah, 2025. "The influence of women’s groups mobilisation on health emergency response: Evidence from the Ebola outbreak in Liberia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(6), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0325496
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325496
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Veenstra, Gerry & Luginaah, Isaac & Wakefield, Sarah & Birch, Stephen & Eyles, John & Elliott, Susan, 2005. "Who you know, where you live: social capital, neighbourhood and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(12), pages 2799-2818, June.
    2. Anfaara, Florence Wullo & Lawson, Erica S & Luginaah, Isaac, 2025. "Similar health emergencies, different commitments: Comparative strategies to end Ebola and COVID-19 in “post-conflict” Liberia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    3. Katherine Marshall, 2017. "Roles of religious actors in the West African Ebola response," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(5), pages 622-633, July.
    4. Kohnert, Dirk, 2021. "On the socio-economic impact of pandemics in Africa - Lessons learned from COVID-19, Trypanosomiasis, HIV, Yellow Fever and Cholera," AfricArxiv 58myz, Center for Open Science.
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