The artificial intelligence-based agricultural field irrigation warning system using GA-BP neural network under smart agriculture

This work explores an intelligent field irrigation warning system based on the Enhanced Genetic Algorithm—Backpropagation Neural Network (EGA-BPNN) model in the context of smart agriculture. To achieve this, irrigation flow prediction in agricultural fields is chosen as the research topic. Firstly, the BPNN principles are studied, revealing issues such as sensitivity to initial values, susceptibility to local optima, and sample dependency. To address these problems, a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted for optimizing the BPNN, and the EGA-BPNN model is used to predict irrigation flow in agricultural fields. Secondly, the EGA-BPNN model can overcome the local optimization and overfitting problems of traditional BPNN through the global search ability of GA. Moreover, it is suitable for the irrigation flow prediction task with complex environmental factors in smart agriculture. Finally, comparative experiments compare the prediction accuracy of BPNN and EGA-BPNN using single and dual water level flow prediction models respectively. The results reveal that as the number of nodes in the hidden layer increases, the model’s Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Relative Error (RE) show a decreasing trend, indicating an improvement in model prediction accuracy. When the number of nodes in the hidden layer increases from 6 to 16, the MSE of the single and dual water level flow prediction models decreases from 4.53×10−4 to 3.68×10−4 and 2.38×10−4 to 1.66×10−4, respectively. Under a standalone BPNN, the absolute relative error in flow prediction is 1.09%. In contrast, the EGA-BPNN model achieves a significantly lower mean absolute relative error of 0.41% for single-flow prediction, demonstrating superior prediction performance. Furthermore, compared to the BPNN, the EGA-BPNN model exhibits a 2.11 reduction in MSE, further emphasizing the positive impact of introducing the GA on model performance. The research outcomes contribute to more accurate water resource planning and management, providing a more reliable basis for decision-making.