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Income disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake in the United States: An analysis of cross-sectional data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

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  • Kenechukwu C Ben-Umeh
  • Jaewhan Kim

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccination has significantly decreased morbidity, hospitalizations, and death during the pandemic. However, disparities in vaccination uptake threatens to stymie the progress made in safeguarding the health of Americans. Using a nationally representative adult (≥18 years old) sample from the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we aimed to explore disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake by income levels. To reflect the nature of the survey, a weighted logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake. A total of 241,645,704 (unweighted n = 21,554) adults were included in the analysis. Average (SD) age of the population was 49 (18) years old, and 51% were female. There were disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake by income groups. All other income groups were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccines and booster shot than those in the high-income group. Those in the poor income group had 55% lower odds of being vaccinated for COVID-19 (aOR = 0.45, p

Suggested Citation

  • Kenechukwu C Ben-Umeh & Jaewhan Kim, 2024. "Income disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake in the United States: An analysis of cross-sectional data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(2), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0298825
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298825
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    1. Long H. Nguyen & Amit D. Joshi & David A. Drew & Jordi Merino & Wenjie Ma & Chun-Han Lo & Sohee Kwon & Kai Wang & Mark S. Graham & Lorenzo Polidori & Cristina Menni & Carole H. Sudre & Adjoa Anyane-Ye, 2022. "Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Long H. Nguyen & Amit D. Joshi & David A. Drew & Jordi Merino & Wenjie Ma & Chun-Han Lo & Sohee Kwon & Kai Wang & Mark S. Graham & Lorenzo Polidori & Cristina Menni & Carole H. Sudre & Adjoa Anyane-Ye, 2022. "Author Correction: Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-1, December.
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