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Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students

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  • Hao Zhao
  • Shameem Rafik-Galea
  • Mimi Fitriana
  • Tian-Jiao Song

Abstract

Background: Smartphone addiction is very prevalent among college students, especially Chinese college students, and it can cause many psychological problems for college students. However, there is no valid research instrument to evaluate Chinese college students’ smartphone addiction. Objective: This study aimed to translate the Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Chinese Short version (SAS-CSV) among Chinese college students. Methods: The SAS-SV was translated into Chinese using the forward-backward method. The SAS-CSV was completed by 557 Chinese college students (sample 1: n = 279; sample 2: n = 278). 62 college students were randomly selected from the 557 Chinese college students to be meas- ured twice, with an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and the validity of the SAS-CSV was evaluated by content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: The SAS-CSV presented good content validity, high internal consistency (sample 1: α = 0.829; sample 2: α = 0.881), and good test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.975; 95% CI: 0.966–0.985). After one exploratory factor analysis, three components (tolerance, withdrawal, and negative effect) with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, and the cumulative variance contribution was 50.995%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all the fit indexes reached the standard of good model fit (χ2/df = 1.883, RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.954, RFI = 0.935, IFI = 0.978, TLI = 0.969, CFI = 0.978). The SAS-CSV presented good convergent validity for the factor loading of all the items ranged from 0.626 to 0.892 (higher than 0.50), the three latent variables’ AVE ranged from 0.524 to 0.637 (higher than 0.50), and the three latent variables’ CR ranged from 0.813 to 0.838 (higher than 0.70). Moreover, the square roots of the AVE of component 1 (tolerance), component 2 (withdrawal) and component 3 (negative effect) were 0.724, 0.778, and 0.798, respectively, higher than they were with other correlation coefficients, indicating that the SAS-CSV had good discrimination validity. Conclusion: The SAS-CSV is a valid instrument for measuring smartphone addiction among Chinese college students.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Zhao & Shameem Rafik-Galea & Mimi Fitriana & Tian-Jiao Song, 2022. "Translation and psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0278092
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278092
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yu-Hsuan Lin & Li-Ren Chang & Yang-Han Lee & Hsien-Wei Tseng & Terry B J Kuo & Sue-Huei Chen, 2014. "Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-5, June.
    2. Gökçearslan, Şahin & Uluyol, Çelebi & Şahin, Sami, 2018. "Smartphone addiction, cyberloafing, stress and social support among university students: A path analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 47-54.
    3. Jinhee Lee & Joung-Sook Ahn & Seongho Min & Min-Hyuk Kim, 2020. "Psychological Characteristics and Addiction Propensity According to Content Type of Smartphone Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-10, March.
    4. Min Kwon & Joon-Yeop Lee & Wang-Youn Won & Jae-Woo Park & Jung-Ah Min & Changtae Hahn & Xinyu Gu & Ji-Hye Choi & Dai-Jin Kim, 2013. "Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(2), pages 1-7, February.
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