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Factors associated with physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey

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  • Achyut Raj Pandey
  • Tamanna Neupane
  • Binaya Chalise
  • Niraj Shrestha
  • Sabina Chaudhary
  • Raja Ram Dhungana
  • Bihungum Bista

Abstract

Background: Globally violence is a matter of public health concern with severe physical and mental health implications and social consequences. Evidence suggest that adolescents have an elevated risk of exposure to physical and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of nationally representative research on violence and its associated factors in Nepal to inform interventions. This paper attempts to find the factors associated with various forms of physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal. Methods: We analysed the cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2015. The GSHS survey applied a two-stage cluster sampling process to select a representative sample of 7 to 11 grade students from 74 schools across the country. We applied logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with physical and sexual violence. Results: Out of the total 6,529 participants, 45.24% of them faced a physical attack, 39.25% were involved in a physical fight, and 11.65% were victims of sexual violence in the survey administered between 7 August 2015 to 14 March 2016. In a multiple regression analysis, the age of participants, parental supervision, feeling unsafe at school, and the number of close friends were found to be associated with a physical attack. Participants who were bullied, had multiple sex partners, and had received corporal punishment in school had a higher engagement in a physical fight. Likewise, school grade, having parents who understand the problems, having multiple sex partners, and corporal punishment at school were associated with instances of sexual violence. Conclusion: The study identified multiple factors associated with experiences of physical attacks, involvement in a physical fight, and sexual violence among school-going adolescents. This study results can have important implications for school administration, parents, and policymakers alike to plan appropriate anti-violence strategies and interventions. Since various forms of violence share some common risk factors, a comprehensive strategy could be worth considering to prevent such acts of violence.

Suggested Citation

  • Achyut Raj Pandey & Tamanna Neupane & Binaya Chalise & Niraj Shrestha & Sabina Chaudhary & Raja Ram Dhungana & Bihungum Bista, 2021. "Factors associated with physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0248566
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248566
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ohene, Sally-Ann & Johnson, Kiana & Atunah-Jay, Sarah & Owusu, Andrew & Borowsky, Iris Wagman, 2015. "Sexual and physical violence victimization among senior high school students in Ghana: Risk and protective factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 266-275.
    2. J. Barth & L. Bermetz & E. Heim & S. Trelle & T. Tonia, 2013. "The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(3), pages 469-483, June.
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