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The development and validation of a social media fatigue scale: From a cognitive-behavioral-emotional perspective

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  • Shiyi Zhang
  • Yanni Shen
  • Tao Xin
  • Haoqi Sun
  • Yilu Wang
  • Xiaotong Zhang
  • Siheng Ren

Abstract

Social media fatigue (SMF), which refers to social media users’ tendency to withdraw from social media because of feeling overwhelmed, is closely related to individuals’ social life and well-being. Many studies focused on understanding SMF and exploring its enablers and influences. However, few pieces of research administered a standard measurement of SMF. This study aimed to develop and validate a measure of SMF, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1599 participants in total. Semi-structured interviews of 30 participants were firstly conducted as a pilot study, and an initial version of the social media fatigue scale (SMFS) with 24 items was generated. Then, both exploratory factor analysis (N = 509) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 552) as well as reliability and validity analysis (N = 508) were conducted and a 15-item SMFS was finally developed. The results demonstrated that: 1) SMF was a multi-dimension concept including a cognitive aspect, an emotional aspect and a behavioral aspect; 2) the three-dimensional structure of the SMFS (cognitive-behavioral-emotional structure) fitted the data well; 3) the McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the SMFS was 0.83, suggesting that the SMFS was reliable; 4) criterion validity was satisfactory as indicated by both the significant correlations between self-rated scores of fatigue and total SMFS scores and the significant regression model of SMF on social media privacy, social media confidence, and negative feeling after comparison. Based on the Limited Capacity Model, the present study expanded SMF from a unidimensional model to a three-dimension model, and developed a 15-item SMFS. The study enriched the existing knowledge of SMF, and coined a reliable and valid tool for measuring it. Besides, concluding the typical characteristics of SMF, the study may provide some inspiration for both researchers and social media managers and operators in mitigating SMF.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiyi Zhang & Yanni Shen & Tao Xin & Haoqi Sun & Yilu Wang & Xiaotong Zhang & Siheng Ren, 2021. "The development and validation of a social media fatigue scale: From a cognitive-behavioral-emotional perspective," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0245464
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245464
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    Cited by:

    1. Shweta Sunil & Manoj Kumar Sharma & Senthil Amudhan & Nitin Anand & Nisha John, 2022. "Social media fatigue: Causes and concerns," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(3), pages 686-692, May.
    2. Tuan Hai Nguyen, 2025. "Fatigue in the Virtual World: The Impact of Intrinsic Motivation and External Pressures on Young Vietnamese Users’ Intentions to Switch Social Media Platforms," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, November.
    3. Sharma, Manu & Kaushal, Deepak & Joshi, Sudhanshu, 2023. "Adverse effect of social media on generation Z user's behavior: Government information support as a moderating variable," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    4. Jingle Sun & Akmar Hayati Ahmad Ghazali & Rahman Saiful Nujaimi Abdul, 2025. "Imagined Audiences and Social Media Fatigue Among Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Impression Management," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, November.

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