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Role of ecology in shaping external nasal morphology in bats and implications for olfactory tracking

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  • Alyson F Brokaw
  • Michael Smotherman

Abstract

Many animals display morphological adaptations of the nose that improve their ability to detect and track odors. Bilateral odor sampling improves an animals’ ability to navigate using olfaction and increased separation of the nostrils facilitates olfactory source localization. Many bats use odors to find food and mates and bats display an elaborate diversity of facial features. Prior studies have quantified how variations in facial features correlate with echolocation and feeding ecology, but surprisingly none have asked whether bat noses might be adapted for olfactory tracking in flight. We predicted that bat species that rely upon odor cues while foraging would have greater nostril separation in support of olfactory tropotaxis. Using museum specimens, we measured the external nose and cranial morphology of 40 New World bat species. Diet had a significant effect on external nose morphology, but contrary to our predictions, insectivorous bats had the largest relative separation of nostrils, while nectar feeding species had the narrowest nostril widths. Furthermore, nasal echolocating bats had significantly narrower nostrils than oral emitting bats, reflecting a potential trade-off between sonar pulse emission and stereo-olfaction in those species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the evolutionary interactions between olfaction and echolocation in shaping the external morphology of a facial feature using modern phylogenetic comparative methods. Future work pairing olfactory morphology with tracking behavior will provide more insight into how animals such as bats integrate olfactory information while foraging.

Suggested Citation

  • Alyson F Brokaw & Michael Smotherman, 2020. "Role of ecology in shaping external nasal morphology in bats and implications for olfactory tracking," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0226689
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark Pagel, 1999. "Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6756), pages 877-884, October.
    2. Adil Ghani Khan & Manaswini Sarangi & Upinder Singh Bhalla, 2012. "Rats track odour trails accurately using a multi-layered strategy with near-optimal sampling," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Kenneth C. Catania, 2013. "Stereo and serial sniffing guide navigation to an odour source in a mammal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, June.
    4. Selçuk Can Güven & Matthias Laska, 2012. "Olfactory Sensitivity and Odor Structure-Activity Relationships for Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in CD-1 Mice," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-9, March.
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    1. Carmi Korine & Yuval Cohen & Idan Kahnonitch, 2022. "Insect Pest Pheromone Lures May Enhance the Activity of Insectivorous Bats in Mediterranean Vineyards and Apple Orchards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-12, December.

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