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The “χ” of the Matter: Testing the Relationship between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades

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  • Marcos A F Sales
  • Marcel B Lacerda
  • Bruno L D Horn
  • Isabel A P de Oliveira
  • Cesar L Schultz

Abstract

The view of spinosaurs as dinosaurs of semi-aquatic habits and strongly associated with marginal and coastal habitats are deeply rooted in both scientific and popular knowledge, but it was never statistically tested. Inspired by a previous analysis of other dinosaur clades and major paleoenvironmental categories, here we present our own statistical evaluation of the association between coastal and terrestrial paleoenvironments and spinosaurids, along with other two theropod taxa: abelisaurids and carcharodontosaurids. We also included a taphonomic perspective and classified the occurrences in categories related to potential biases in order to better address our interpretations. Our main results can be summarized as follows: 1) the taxon with the largest amount of statistical evidence showing it positively associated to coastal paleoenvironments is Spinosauridae; 2) abelisaurids and carcharodontosaurids had more statistical evidence showing them positively associated with terrestrial paleoenvironments; 3) it is likely that spinosaurids also occupied spatially inland areas in a way somehow comparable at least to carcharodontosaurids; 4) abelisaurids may have been more common than the other two taxa in inland habitats.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcos A F Sales & Marcel B Lacerda & Bruno L D Horn & Isabel A P de Oliveira & Cesar L Schultz, 2016. "The “χ” of the Matter: Testing the Relationship between Paleoenvironments and Three Theropod Clades," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0147031
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric Buffetaut & David Martill & François Escuillié, 2004. "Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6995), pages 33-33, July.
    2. Lawrence M. Witmer & Sankar Chatterjee & Jonathan Franzosa & Timothy Rowe, 2003. "Neuroanatomy of flying reptiles and implications for flight, posture and behaviour," Nature, Nature, vol. 425(6961), pages 950-953, October.
    3. W. M. Patefield, 1981. "An Efficient Method of Generating Random R × C Tables with Given Row and Column Totals," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 30(1), pages 91-97, March.
    4. Lindsay E. Zanno & Peter J. Makovicky, 2013. "Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-9, December.
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