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Who Invests How Much in Agriculture in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? An Empirical Review

Author

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  • Sarah K Lowder

    (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division, Rome, Italy)

  • Brian Carisma

    (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division, Rome, Italy)

  • Jakob Skoet

    (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division, Rome, Italy)

Abstract

This article provides estimates of the relative size of on-farm investment in agriculture; foreign direct investment (FDI) in agriculture; government investments in agriculture; and official development assistance to agriculture. It finds that in a set of 76 low- and middle-income countries farmers are by far the largest investors in primary agriculture. On-farm investments are more than three times as large as all other sources of investment combined, with annual investment in on-farm agricultural capital stock exceeding government investment by more than 4 to 1, and other resource flows by a much larger margin. In spite of significant attention to the role of FDI, the article shows that the levels of FDI in primary agriculture are small, and that their increase has been overstated. The article concludes by recommending some areas for future research and what is needed in terms of data, as well as considering the policy implications of the findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah K Lowder & Brian Carisma & Jakob Skoet, 2015. "Who Invests How Much in Agriculture in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? An Empirical Review," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 27(3), pages 371-390, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:27:y:2015:i:3:p:371-390
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Charlotte Fontan Sers & Mazhar Mughal, 2019. "From Maputo to Malabo: public agricultural spending and food security in Africa," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(46), pages 5045-5062, October.
    2. Jim Woodhill & Avinash Kishore & Jemimah Njuki & Kristal Jones & Saher Hasnain, 2022. "Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(5), pages 1099-1121, October.
    3. Mason-D'Croz, Daniel & Sulser, Timothy B. & Wiebe, Keith & Rosegrant, Mark W. & Lowder, Sarah K. & Nin-Pratt, Alejandro & Willenbockel, Dirk & Robinson, Sherman & Zhu, Tingju & Cenacchi, Nicola & Duns, 2019. "Agricultural investments and hunger in Africa modeling potential contributions to SDG2 – Zero Hunger," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 38-53.
    4. Angela Hilmi, 2019. "The Alfredo Namitete Agroecology Credit System: A New Business Model That Supports Small-Scale Lending," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Kastratovic, Radovan, 2019. "Impact of foreign direct investment on greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture of developing countries," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(3), July.
    6. Róger Moya & Carolina Tenorio & Gloria Oporto, 2019. "Short Rotation Wood Crops in Latin American: A Review on Status and Potential Uses as Biofuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.

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