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Este artículo estudia por medio de los modelos lineales jerárquicos, la hipótesis de incidencia positiva que las variables de pedagogía y compromiso educativo generan sobre el desempeño académico. Para ello, son analizados las puntuaciones obtenidas por 62769 estudiantes de educación media en las pruebas PISA 2012 en 12 países. Al precisar que los procesos educativos adoptan una estructura jerárquica definida en dos niveles, estudiantes y planteles educativos, la especificación econométrica empleada conduce a resultados ostensiblemente mejores a los que se obtendría de una especificación tradicional. Entre los resultados se encuentra que el desempeño educativo en seis países es explicado en una mayor proporción por variables del entorno familiar y características del alumnado, mientras que en los seis restantes es explicado por el entorno escolar. De igual forma, los resultados validan la hipótesis de investigación formulada en el documento: la pedagogía y el compromiso educativo inciden positivamente sobre el desempeño académico. Así, la formulación de programas que fomenten dichas prácticas al interior de los planteles educativos debe formar parte de la agenda educativa. Por último, se encontró que el sexo del estudiante no aporta explicación alguna que refiera a existencia de brechas educativas pues los resultados son diferentes entre países, mientras que la no repetición de curso y la ausencia escolar, la dotación de elementos escolares en el hogar, el nivel de formación de los padres, entre otros factores, se asocian con sobresalientes resultados en el logro académico. || This article studies from the hierarchical linear models, the hypothesis of positive incidence that the variables of pedagogy and educational commitment generate on the academic performance. For this, the scores obtained by 62769 middle school students in the 2012 PISA tests in 12 countries are analyzed. By specifying that educational processes adopt a hierarchical structure defined in two levels: students and schools; the econometric specification used leads to results ostensibly better compared to those generated from a traditional specification. Among the results, we have that the educational performance in six countries is explained in a greater proportion by variables of the family environment and student’s characteristics, while in six it is explained by the school environment. Similarly, the results confirm the research hypothesis formulated in the document: pedagogy and educational commitment have a positive impact on academic performance, therefore, the formulation of programs that encourage such practices within the schools should be part of the educational policy. Finally, it was found that the sex of the student does not provide any explanation that refers to the existence of educational gaps because the results are dissimilar between countries, while the non-repetition and absence from school, the provision of school elements at home, the level of parent training, among other factors, are associated with outstanding results in academic achievement.
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JEL classification:
- C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
- H52 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Education
- I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
- I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
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