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Synergistic immobilization of ions in mixed tin-lead and all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Author

Listed:
  • Yuhui Liu

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Tianshu Ma

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Changlei Wang

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Zhenhai Yang

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Yue Zhao

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Zhanghao Wu

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Chen Chen

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Yining Bao

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Yuhang Zhai

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Tianci Jia

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

  • Cong Chen

    (Sichuan University)

  • Dewei Zhao

    (Sichuan University)

  • Xiaofeng Li

    (Soochow University
    Soochow University)

Abstract

Low-bandgap (LBG) mixed tin-lead (Sn−Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from inferior performance due to their high defect density. Conventionally, ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDADI) is used as a surface passivator to reduce defects and improve device photovoltaic performance, but it introduces severe hysteresis caused by excessive mobilized ions at the top interface. Here, we report a mobile ion suppressing strategy of using hydrazine monohydrochloride (HM) as a bulk passivator to anchor the free ions in LBG perovskites. The protonated hydrazine (N2H5+) of HM formed hydrogen bonds with iodine (I–) ions, while the chloride (Cl–) ions occupied the I– vacancies, collectively impeding the migration of I– and thus mitigating the ion movement-induced hysteresis that arose from EDADI usage. The synergistic strategy of HM doping and EDADI post-treatment significantly suppresses the oxidation of Sn2+, decreases trap density, and inhibits rapid crystallization of perovskite. Consequently, we achieved a champion efficiency of 23.21% for LBG PSCs. Integrating these cells with wide-bandgap PSCs into all-perovskite tandem solar cells yields a high efficiency of 28.55% (certified 28.31%) with negligible hysteresis.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuhui Liu & Tianshu Ma & Changlei Wang & Zhenhai Yang & Yue Zhao & Zhanghao Wu & Chen Chen & Yining Bao & Yuhang Zhai & Tianci Jia & Cong Chen & Dewei Zhao & Xiaofeng Li, 2025. "Synergistic immobilization of ions in mixed tin-lead and all-perovskite tandem solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58810-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58810-6
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