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Rectification and confinement of photokinetic bacteria in an optical feedback loop

Author

Listed:
  • Helena Massana-Cid

    (Sapienza Università di Roma)

  • Claudio Maggi

    (Sapienza Università di Roma
    Institute of Nanotechnology)

  • Giacomo Frangipane

    (Sapienza Università di Roma
    Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT))

  • Roberto Di Leonardo

    (Sapienza Università di Roma
    Institute of Nanotechnology)

Abstract

Active particles can self-propel by exploiting locally available energy resources. When powered by light, these resources can be distributed with high resolution allowing spatio-temporal modulation of motility. Here we show that the random walks of light-driven bacteria are rectified when they swim in a structured light field that is obtained by a simple geometric transformation of a previous system snapshot. The obtained currents achieve an optimal value that we establish by general theoretical arguments. This optical feedback is used to gather and confine bacteria in high-density and high-activity regions that can be dynamically relocated and reconfigured. Moving away from the boundaries of these optically confined states, the density decays to zero in a few tens of micrometers, exhibiting steep exponential tails that suppress cell escape and ensure long-term stability. Our method is general and scalable, providing a versatile tool to produce localized and tunable active baths for microengineering applications and systematic studies of non-equilibrium phenomena in active systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Helena Massana-Cid & Claudio Maggi & Giacomo Frangipane & Roberto Di Leonardo, 2022. "Rectification and confinement of photokinetic bacteria in an optical feedback loop," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30201-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30201-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. N. Koumakis & A. Lepore & C. Maggi & R. Di Leonardo, 2013. "Targeted delivery of colloids by swimming bacteria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Jochen Arlt & Vincent A. Martinez & Angela Dawson & Teuta Pilizota & Wilson C. K. Poon, 2018. "Painting with light-powered bacteria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
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