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The Determinants of Gender Income Inequality in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Data Analysis

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  • Duc Hong Vo
  • Loan Thi-Hong Van
  • Dai Binh Tran
  • Tan Ngoc Vu
  • Chi Minh Ho

Abstract

Despite a great effort from the Vietnamese government, women in Vietnam have generally been at the disadvantaged position to access education and development opportunities. As a result, the wage gaps between men and women exist. This study is conducted to investigate the gender income inequality in Vietnam in the 2004–2016 period using data from Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSS). The results indicate that the gender pay gap in Vietnam has decreased during the research period. Empirical findings also indicate that education, ethnicity, economic sectors, and geographic areas are main determinants causing wage differentials in Vietnam. Additionally, the gender pay gap, with the focus on the so-called “Within inequality”, is heterogeneous across the wage distribution using unconditional quantile regression approach. In particular, the gender pay gap is shown to be higher at the top and the bottom quantiles of the wage distribution, indicating that inequality is more severe among low-paid and high-paid wage earners. These findings suggest that the government‘s policies should focus on encouraging education and improving the national economy creating more jobs for women to reduce gender wage gap in Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • Duc Hong Vo & Loan Thi-Hong Van & Dai Binh Tran & Tan Ngoc Vu & Chi Minh Ho, 2021. "The Determinants of Gender Income Inequality in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Data Analysis," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(1), pages 198-222, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:mes:emfitr:v:57:y:2021:i:1:p:198-222
    DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2019.1609443
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    Cited by:

    1. Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Hiraga, Masako & Viet Nguyen, Cuong, 2022. "Childcare and maternal employment: Evidence from Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    2. Dai Binh Tran & Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat, 2023. "The returns to education and wage penalty from overeducation: New evidence from Vietnam," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(4), pages 1267-1290, October.
    3. Huyen Thanh T. Nguyen & Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Tam-Tri Le & Manh-Toan Ho & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2021. "Open Access Publishing Probabilities Based on Gender and Authorship Structures in Vietnam," Publications, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-16, October.

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