IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ist/ibsibr/v53y2024i2p185-200.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamics of Digital Financial Inclusion in Türkiye

Author

Listed:
  • Behice Canatan

    (Tarsus Üniversitesi)

  • Ayşe Akboz Caner

    (Tarsus Üniversitesi)

  • Gökhan Özbilge

    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi)

Abstract

This study examined the dynamics of different levels of digital financial inclusion (DFI) in Türkiye within the framework of individuals’ basic financial behaviours and socioeconomic conditions and investigated factors that may affect the utilisation rate of DFI. Accordingly, findings from the 2017–2021 World Bank Global Findex dataset were estimated using the ordered logit model. The concept of DFI, which is becoming increasingly important, underscores that financial systems should have two basic conditions. First, the ability of those who can access financial systems digitally should be as high as possible. Second, these actors with access to financial systems should also have sufficient utilisation rates of the relevant financial instruments. In this respect, by focusing on the determinants of this second condition, the study fills a gap in the literature and provides clues for policy recommendations. These findings provide empirical evidence for our motivation. In this respect, the results clearly show that socioeconomic factors, such as education level and income level, as well as financial behaviours, such as formal savings and borrowing, should be taken into account when expanding DFI.

Suggested Citation

  • Behice Canatan & Ayşe Akboz Caner & Gökhan Özbilge, 2024. "Dynamics of Digital Financial Inclusion in Türkiye," Istanbul Business Research, Istanbul University Business School, vol. 53(2), pages 185-200, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:ibsibr:v:53:y:2024:i:2:p:185-200
    DOI: 10.26650/ibr.2024.53.1232448
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/87B4EBA15EC04AC1B1F597EA3726068E
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/ibr/article/dynamics-of-digital-financial-inclusion-in-turkiye
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.26650/ibr.2024.53.1232448?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaomeng Lu & Jiaojiao Guo & Hailing Zhou, 2021. "Digital financial inclusion development, investment diversification, and household extreme portfolio risk," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(5), pages 6225-6261, December.
    2. Pengpeng Yue & Aslihan Gizem Korkmaz & Zhichao Yin & Haigang Zhou, 2022. "The rise of digital finance: Financial inclusion or debt trap," Papers 2201.09221, arXiv.org.
    3. Peterson K. Ozili, 2018. "Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 18(4), pages 329-340, December.
    4. Shijiang Chen & Mingyue Liang & Wen Yang, 2022. "Does Digital Financial Inclusion Reduce China’s Rural Household Vulnerability to Poverty: An Empirical Analysis From the Perspective of Household Entrepreneurship," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, June.
    5. Sanderson Abel & Learnmore Mutandwa & Pierre Le Roux, 2018. "A Review of Determinants of Financial Inclusion," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 1-8.
    6. Niu, Geng & Jin, XiaoShu & Wang, Qi & Zhou, Yang, 2022. "Broadband infrastructure and digital financial inclusion in rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    7. Carla Fernandes & Maria Rosa Borges & Jorge Caiado, 2021. "The contribution of digital financial services to financial inclusion in Mozambique: an ARDL model approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(3), pages 400-409, January.
    8. Ayse Demir & Vanesa Pesqué-Cela & Yener Altunbas & Victor Murinde, 2022. "Fintech, financial inclusion and income inequality: a quantile regression approach," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 86-107, January.
    9. Sanjaya Kumar Lenka & Ruchi Sharma, 2017. "Does Financial Inclusion Spur Economic Growth in India?," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 51(3), pages 215-228, July-Sept.
    10. Tanu Tiwari & Alpana Srivastava & Surendra Kumar, 2019. "Adoption of digital payment methods in India," International Journal of Electronic Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(3), pages 217-229.
    11. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2018. "Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability," MPRA Paper 84771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Egemen İpek, 2020. "The Costs of Disability in Turkey," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 41(2), pages 229-237, June.
    13. Liu, Yang & Luan, Lin & Wu, Weilong & Zhang, Zhiqiang & Hsu, Yen, 2021. "Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Chen, Yang & Yang, Shengping & Li, Quan, 2022. "How does the development of digital financial inclusion affect the total factor productivity of listed companies? Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    15. Wensheng Dai & Zhihan Lv, 2021. "Development and Supervision of Robo-Advisors under Digital Financial Inclusion in Complex Systems," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-12, January.
    16. Juan Luo & Bao-zhen Li, 2022. "Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Consumption Inequality in China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 529-553, September.
    17. Mahmood Ahmad & Abdul Majeed & Muhammad Asif Khan & Muhammad Sohaib & Khurram Shehzad, 2021. "Digital financial inclusion and economic growth: provincial data analysis of China," China Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, September.
    18. Yue, Pengpeng & Korkmaz, Aslihan Gizem & Yin, Zhichao & Zhou, Haigang, 2022. "The rise of digital finance: Financial inclusion or debt trap?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    19. Zhenhuan Chen & Hongge Zhu & Wencheng Zhao & Bo Cao & Yingli Cai & Gang Jin Wang, 2022. "Dynamic Nonlinear Connectedness between the Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, and China’s Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from a Panel VAR Analysis," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-24, August.
    20. Alicia Girón & Amirreza Kazemikhasragh & Antonella Francesca Cicchiello & Eva Panetti, 2022. "Financial Inclusion Measurement in the Least Developed Countries in Asia and Africa," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 1198-1211, June.
    21. Julia Arnold & Sarah Gammage, 2019. "Gender and financial inclusion: the critical role for holistic programming," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(8), pages 965-973, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carè, Rosella & Boitan, Iustina Alina & Stoian, Andreea Maria & Fatima, Rabia, 2025. "Exploring the landscape of financial inclusion through the lens of financial technologies: A review," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    2. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Lou, Runchi & Wang, Fuhao, 2023. "Digital financial inclusion and poverty alleviation: Evidence from the sustainable development of China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 418-434.
    3. Hasan, Morshadul & Hoque, Ariful & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Gasbarro, Dominic, 2024. "FinTech and sustainable development: A systematic thematic analysis using human- and machine-generated processing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PC).
    4. Foguesatto, Cristian Rogério & Righi, Marcelo Brutti & Müller, Fernanda Maria, 2024. "Is there a dark side to financial inclusion? Understanding the relationship between financial inclusion and market risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    5. Haibo Lei & Qin Su, 2023. "Does the Use of Digital Finance Affect Household Farmland Transfer-Out?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-18, August.
    6. Guangshun Xu & Lin Feng & Wenzheng Wang & Qiaohui Liang, 2024. "Digital Financial Literacy and Rural Income Inequality," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, September.
    7. Krzysztof Waliszewski & Ewa Cichowicz & £ukasz Gêbski & Filip Kliber & Jakub Kubiczek & Pawe³ Niedzió³ka & Ma³gorzata Solarz & Anna Warchlewska, 2023. "The role of the Lendtech sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(2), pages 609-643, June.
    8. Wang, Weilong & Xiao, Deheng & Wang, Jianlong & Wu, Haitao, 2024. "The cost of pollution in the digital era: Impediments of air pollution on enterprise digital transformation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    9. Yue, Sishi & Yang, Mo & Dong, Dayong, 2024. "Do enterprises adopting digital finance exhibit higher values? Based on textual analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    10. Wei, Feiqiong & Xie, Baiwei & Chen, Mingyan, 2025. "Digital financial inclusion, e-commerce development and entrepreneurial activity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    11. Avani Raval & Rajesh Desai, 2024. "Reviews and directions of FinTech research: bibliometric–content analysis approach," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(3), pages 1115-1134, September.
    12. Yang, Zongzhi & Li, Yali & Wu, Chanti, 2025. "Population aging, fintech, and agricultural economic resilience," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    13. Chunhua Xin & Shuangshuang Fan & Zihao Guo, 2024. "Can digital finance promote inclusive growth to meet sustainable development in China? A machine learning approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(10), pages 26647-26677, October.
    14. Guo, Jie & Chen, Leqi & Kang, Xia, 2024. "Digital inclusive finance and agricultural green development in China: A panel analysis (2013–2022)," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    15. Hu, Debao & Zhai, Chenzhe & Zhao, Sibo, 2023. "Does digital finance promote household consumption upgrading? An analysis based on data from the China family panel studies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    16. Jeswin Jose & Nabanita Ghosh, 2025. "Digital financial literacy and financial inclusion in the global south for a sustainable future: A scoping review," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 52(1), pages 129-148, March.
    17. Fuzhen Gu & Junguang Gao & Xiaoya Zhu & Jiamin Ye, 2023. "The impact of digital inclusive finance on SMEs’ technological innovation activities—Empirical analysis based on the data of new third board enterprises," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, November.
    18. Kouladoum, Jean-Claude & Wirajing, Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka & Nchofoung, Tii N., 2022. "Digital technologies and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(9).
    19. Wei Jiang & Yanhui Hu & Hongjie Cao, 2024. "Does Digital Financial Inclusion Increase the Household Consumption? Evidence from China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 17333-17364, December.
    20. Mao, Fengfu & Wang, Yuanfan & Zhu, Mengsi, 2023. "Digital financial inclusion, traditional finance system and household entrepreneurship," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ist:ibsibr:v:53:y:2024:i:2:p:185-200. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Istanbul University Press Operational Team (Ertuğrul YAŞAR) (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/isisttr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.