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The Influence of Nutrients and Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the Ecological Footprint of Products

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  • Marlia M. Hanafiah

    (Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mark A.J. Huijbregts

    (Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

  • A. Jan Hendriks

    (Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The ecological footprint (EF) commonly neglects the influence of other stressors than land use and CO 2 emissions on the land area required for human activities. This study analyzes the relevancy of including nutrients and non-CO 2 greenhouse gases in the EF assessment of products. The analysis was based on environmental information for 1,925 goods and services. Our findings suggest that within specific product categories, i.e. , waste treatment processes, bio-based energy, agricultural products and chemicals, adding non-CO 2 greenhouse gases and nutrient emissions can have a dominant influence on the EF results.

Suggested Citation

  • Marlia M. Hanafiah & Mark A.J. Huijbregts & A. Jan Hendriks, 2010. "The Influence of Nutrients and Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the Ecological Footprint of Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:2:y:2010:i:4:p:963-979:d:7815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. van Vuuren, D. P. & Smeets, E. M. W., 2000. "Ecological footprints of Benin, Bhutan, Costa Rica and the Netherlands," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 115-130, July.
    2. van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M. & Verbruggen, Harmen, 1999. "Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the 'ecological footprint'," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 61-72, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Debrupa Chakraborty & Joyashree Roy, 2015. "Ecological footprint of paperboard and paper production unit in India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 909-921, August.
    2. Saleh Shadman & Marlia Mohd Hanafiah & Christina May May Chin & Eng Hwa Yap & Novita Sakundarini, 2021. "Conceptualising the Sustainable Energy Security Dimensions of Malaysia: A Thematic Analysis through Stakeholder Engagement to Draw Policy Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Weiheng Zheng & Feng Cai & Shenliang Chen & Jun Zhu & Hongshuai Qi & Shaohua Zhao & Jianhui Liu, 2020. "Ecological Suitability of Island Development Based on Ecosystem Services Value, Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint: A Case Study of Pingtan Island, Fujian, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.

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