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The Lost View: Villager-Centered Scale Development and Validation Due to Rural Tourism for Traditional Villages in China

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  • Yanan Li

    (Department of Fine Arts and Art Design, Yuncheng Advanced Normal College, Yuncheng 044000, China
    Department of Art and Craft Design, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China)

  • Muhammad Azzam Ismail

    (Healthy and Sustainable Built Environment Research Center (HSBERC), College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates)

  • Asrul Aminuddin

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Rui Wang

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Kaiyun Jiang

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Haowei Yu

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

Abstract

Traditional villages are the convergence points for rural tourism and cultural heritage, with their uniqueness deriving from their enduring cultural genes. Villagers serve as the continuators of traditional villages, the transmitters of cultural heritage, and active participants in rural tourism, all predisposing villagers to adopt key positions in these areas. However, villager-centered research has not been systematically explored. This gap may be due to the marginalization of villagers in developing rural tourism and cultural heritage, the challenges associated with measuring villager-centered impacts, and the lack of appropriate measurement tools. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a scale to assess the impact of rural tourism on villagers. Using Shangzhuang Village and Guoyu Village in China as case studies, a total of 305 samples were collected. Through construct dimensions, potential item generation, scale purification, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability and validity testing, a villager-centered tourism impact scale was established, encompassing 13 items across three dimensions: economic, social, and cultural. The findings provide a new tool for village leaders, tourism developers, and policymakers to effectively incorporate villagers’ perspectives into rural tourism and heritage preservation efforts, contributing to the sustainable development of traditional villages and their associated tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanan Li & Muhammad Azzam Ismail & Asrul Aminuddin & Rui Wang & Kaiyun Jiang & Haowei Yu, 2025. "The Lost View: Villager-Centered Scale Development and Validation Due to Rural Tourism for Traditional Villages in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:6:p:2721-:d:1615586
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    References listed on IDEAS

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