Peanut Growth and Yield Responses Are Influenced by Plant Density, Microbial Consortium Inoculation, and Amino Acid Application

Integrating optimal plant density, microbial bioinoculants, and foliar amino acid application represents a key strategy to enhance sustainable peanut production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the combined impact of plant density (P), microbial consortium (M) bioinoculants, and foliar amino acid application (A) on the morpho-physiological and agroproductive responses of peanut production. Under field conditions, the experiment was arranged in a split–split plot with four replicates. Two plant densities of 41,667 and 83,334 plants/ha were the main plots, soil inoculation with M at 0 mL m −2 , 100 mL m −2 , and 200 mL m −2 were the subplots, and the foliar application of VIUSID ® agro at 0 mL L −1 , 0.60 mL L −1 , and 1.20 mL L −1 were the sub-subplots. Results indicated that peanut plant cultivated at a density of 83,334 plants/ha, inoculated with 100 mL m −2 of microbial consortium, and supplemented 0.60 mL L −1 of amino acid significantly enhanced the growth and physiological responses and increased peanut yield in a sustainable manner. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that this integrated approach improved resource utilization, promoted balanced vegetative and reproductive development, and strengthened stress resilience, ultimately leading to higher productivity under sustainable management practices.