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Push and Pull Factors for Ecosystem Services Among Visitors to a Constructed Wetland in Putrajaya, Malaysia

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  • Noor Shahlawaty Mohamed Zubir

    (Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Azlan Abas

    (Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

Urban wetlands are increasingly recognized for their ecological and cultural benefits, yet remain underutilized due to limited public awareness and environmental literacy. This study investigates how visitors’ perceptions of wetland ecosystem services influence their motivations to engage with a constructed wetland in Putrajaya, Malaysia. By integrating the ecosystem services framework with push-pull motivation theory, the research aims to bridge knowledge gaps and inform sustainable wetland tourism planning. A structured questionnaire was administered to 420 visitors, with 385 valid responses (response rate: 91.7%). Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation) and multiple regression analysis. Results show that cultural and regulating services are perceived most positively, while emotional restoration and aesthetic appreciation emerged as key motivational drivers. Regression findings reveal that push factors are stronger predictors of ecosystem service engagement than pull factors. These insights highlight the importance of emotional and psychological connections to nature, offering practical implications for urban wetland management, visitor education and environmental communication strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Noor Shahlawaty Mohamed Zubir & Azlan Abas, 2025. "Push and Pull Factors for Ecosystem Services Among Visitors to a Constructed Wetland in Putrajaya, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:15:p:6774-:d:1709882
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wood, Kevin A. & Jupe, Lucy L. & Aguiar, Francisca C. & Collins, Alexandra M. & Davidson, Scott J. & Freeman, Will & Kirkpatrick, Liam & Lobato-de Magalhães, Tatiana & McKinley, Emma & Nuno, Ana & Pag, 2024. "A global systematic review of the cultural ecosystem services provided by wetlands," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Ezwani Azmi & Rosniza Aznie Che Rose & Azahan Awang & Azlan Abas, 2023. "Innovative and Competitive: A Systematic Literature Review on New Tourism Destinations and Products for Tourism Supply," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Emylia Shakira Jamean & Azlan Abas, 2023. "Valuation of Visitor Perception of Urban Forest Ecosystem Services in Kuala Lumpur," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, February.
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