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The Effect of Activation Methods on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Recycled Powder from Concrete Waste as a Cement Partial Replacement: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Kubilay Kaptan

    (CTAC—Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Sandra Cunha

    (CTAC—Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • José Aguiar

    (CTAC—Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

Abstract

The use of recycled powder (RP) derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW) has several benefits, including the conservation of natural aggregate supplies, the preservation of land designated as landfills, and the promotion of a sustainable built environment. Partially substituting cement with RP generated from concrete-based waste can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. This comprehensive review delineates the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical, thermal, chemical, carbonation, mineral addition, and nano-activation methods for RP-based Portland cement (PC) mortars. A comprehensive examination of the parameters affecting the characteristics of RP-incorporated mortar has been presented. The mechanical properties of cement mortar formulated with RP have been examined in relation to different activation procedures. The review indicates that RP can be effectively utilized in the development of sustainable construction materials. This review article’s extensive literature survey also indicates a promising research trend and underscores the significance of thermal and combined activation methods and the utilization of concrete waste. Moreover, existing limitations in the current research and prospective future studies were identified and presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Kubilay Kaptan & Sandra Cunha & José Aguiar, 2025. "The Effect of Activation Methods on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Recycled Powder from Concrete Waste as a Cement Partial Replacement: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-50, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4502-:d:1656521
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    References listed on IDEAS

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