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A New Methodology to Fabricate Polymer–Metal Parts Through Hybrid Fused Filament Fabrication

Author

Listed:
  • Sofia F. Silva

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Pedro M. S. Rosado

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Rui F. V. Sampaio

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • João P. M. Pragana

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Ivo M. F. Bragança

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
    CIMOSM, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-020 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Eurico Assunção

    (FAN3D—Favorit Answer Lda, 2740-119 Porto Salvo, Portugal)

  • Carlos M. A. Silva

    (IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

This paper introduces a new methodology that enables the production of polymer–metal parts through hybrid additive manufacturing. The approach combines fused filament fabrication (FFF) of polymers with adhesive bonding of metal inserts, applied during layer-by-layer construction. The work is based on unit cells designed and fabricated using eco-friendly materials—polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum—which were subsequently analyzed for build quality and for mechanical performance under tensile lap-shear and three-point bending tests. The acquired knowledge in terms of optimal processing parameters for attaining strong polymer–metal bonds was then applied for the fabrication and testing of prototypes representing modular corner connectors for framing applications. Results on build quality demonstrate that issues, such as lumps and warping, can be solved by finetuning the 3D printing stages of the proposed methodology. In terms of destructive testing, significant improvements in the mechanical performance of PLA can be achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology in integrating the lightweight properties of polymers with the stiffness of metals. This enables the development of innovative, sustainable and eco-friendly solutions that align with the growing demand for eco-friendly materials and processes in manufacturing.

Suggested Citation

  • Sofia F. Silva & Pedro M. S. Rosado & Rui F. V. Sampaio & João P. M. Pragana & Ivo M. F. Bragança & Eurico Assunção & Carlos M. A. Silva, 2025. "A New Methodology to Fabricate Polymer–Metal Parts Through Hybrid Fused Filament Fabrication," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-15, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4254-:d:1651253
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Inês Ribeiro & Florinda Matos & Celeste Jacinto & Hafiz Salman & Gonçalo Cardeal & Helena Carvalho & Radu Godina & Paulo Peças, 2020. "Framework for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Additive Manufacturing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, January.
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