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Blockchain Opportunities for Water Resources Management: A Comprehensive Review

Author

Listed:
  • Talat Kemal Satilmisoglu

    (Earth System Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey)

  • Yusuf Sermet

    (IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Musa Kurt

    (College of Law, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Ibrahim Demir

    (IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

Abstract

Blockchain technology has been used for the digitalization of physical asset management and data management processes in many areas in the industry and academia, including the water domain. Its potential as an immutable data storage system and smart contract integration has provided a plethora of use cases and utility in the domain of hydrology and water resources. This systematic review critically examines the application of blockchain technology in the field of water resources and hydrology. By analyzing 104 academic publications and 37 non-academic studies from 2017 to 15 October 2022, this paper identifies the current state of blockchain applications in water management, delineates their potential use cases, and assesses their practical utility and scalability. Despite the theoretical promise of blockchain for enhancing water governance, data security, and stakeholder trust, the review reveals a noticeable gap between theoretical potential and the existence of workable, real-time applications specifically in water resources management. The findings indicate that while blockchain technology has been effectively implemented in various sectors, its adoption in hydrological domain is still emerging, with limited empirical evidence to support full-scale deployment. The paper concludes with a call for more empirical research to validate theoretical benefits, address scalability and interoperability challenges, and integrate blockchain technology with real-time data networks for sustainable water management practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Talat Kemal Satilmisoglu & Yusuf Sermet & Musa Kurt & Ibrahim Demir, 2024. "Blockchain Opportunities for Water Resources Management: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-36, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:2403-:d:1356779
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jens Gudmundsson & Jens Leth Hougaard, 2021. "River pollution abatement: Decentralized solutions and smart contracts," IFRO Working Paper 2021/07, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, revised Oct 2021.
    2. Delpasand, Mohammad & Bozorg-Haddad, Omid & Goharian, Erfan & Loáiciga, Hugo A., 2023. "Virtual water trade: Economic development and independence through optimal allocation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
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