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Earthquake Consideration in Architectural Design: Guidelines for Architects

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  • Sardar S. Shareef

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Tishk International University-Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq)

Abstract

Architectural planners must give due consideration to seismic events as they present substantial hazards to both critical infrastructure and human well-being. This research investigates the fundamental concepts and methodologies employed by architects to enhance seismic resilience in buildings and ensure the safety of occupants. It emphasizes the importance of seismic hazard assessment, design standards, structural systems, and cutting-edge technology in reducing earthquake-related dangers. A mixed method has been adopted: surveying the literature, applying inductive reasoning, and conducting a case study. This research highlights the value of interdisciplinary cooperation between structural engineers, geotechnical experts, and architects to design resilient built environments that can survive the pressures unleashed by seismic occurrences. The findings demonstrated that architectural design solutions and approaches might significantly impact earthquake risk reduction techniques in seismic and non-seismic locations. In the cases taken, different techniques—in some cases multiple techniques—had been applied based on the buildings’ geographical locations, sizes, and shapes. Finally, we prepared a checklist for these strategies, including mass distribution, openings, rooftop structures, and other considerations to be applied by architects to make the solutions easier.

Suggested Citation

  • Sardar S. Shareef, 2023. "Earthquake Consideration in Architectural Design: Guidelines for Architects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13760-:d:1240426
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:wbk:wbpubs:18864 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Mishra, Dillip Kumar & Ghadi, Mojtaba Jabbari & Azizivahed, Ali & Li, Li & Zhang, Jiangfeng, 2021. "A review on resilience studies in active distribution systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Aneesh A. Chand & Maria Malvoni & Kushal A. Prasad & Kabir A. Mamun & F.R. Islam & Shauhrat S. Chopra, 2020. "Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-42, November.
    4. Federica Ranghieri, 2014. "Learning from megadisasters: lessons learnt from the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(3), pages 5-17.
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    Cited by:

    1. Musab A. Q. Al-Janabi & Duaa Al-Jeznawi & T. Y. Yang & Luís Filipe Almeida Bernardo & Jorge Miguel de Almeida Andrade, 2025. "Enhancing Structural Resilience for Sustainable Infrastructure: A Global Review of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-34, August.
    2. Mabor Achol Samuel & Ergang Xiong & Mahmood Haris & Beco Chenadaire Lekeufack & Yupeng Xie & Yufei Han, 2024. "Assessing Seismic Vulnerability Methods for RC-Frame Buildings Pre- and Post-Earthquake," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-27, November.
    3. Benaicha Mouhcine, 2025. "Architectural Resilience for Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(4), pages 4976-5000, August.
    4. Shuli Shen, 2024. "Resilience and sustainability: Engineering solutions in disaster‐affected real estate markets," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(6), pages 6748-6762, December.

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