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The Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of the Coupling and Coordinated Development of Basic Public Services, Urbanization, and Tourism in China

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  • Zhongwu Zhang

    (College of Geographic Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
    Institute of Human Geography, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
    Institute of Ecology and Environment of Yellow River Basin, Taiyuan 030031, China)

  • Jian Gong

    (College of Geographic Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China)

  • Huiqiang Ma

    (School of Culture Tourism and Journalism Arts, Shanxi University of Finance, Taiyuan 030031, China)

  • Jinyuan Zhang

    (College of Geographic Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China)

Abstract

Promoting the coordinated development of basic public services, urbanization, and tourism is crucial to the high-quality development of regional economies. Taking China’s provinces as the research unit, an evaluation system was constructed, and the spatial and temporal evolution and influencing factors of the coordinated development of the three systems from 2010 to 2020 were measured using the coupling coordination model and geographical detector. The results demonstrate that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, there was a rising trend in basic public services, a declining trend and fluctuating stability in urbanization, and an inverted ‘U’ change in tourism; (2) the degree of coupling coordination was in a mild coordination state and showed an upward trend, with spatial distribution being high in the east and low in the west; (3) the degree of coupling coordination was spatially concentrated. The core hot-spot area was mainly in the southeast coastal area, and the core cold-spot area was mainly in the northwest inland area, showing a spatial distribution pattern of hot in the east and cold in the west; (4) the main influencing factors in the spatial difference in coupled coordinated development were per capita GDP, road network density, per capita disposable income of residents, urban unit employees, total import and export of goods, per capita fiscal expenditure, and number of tourists; (5) endogenous power (economic pulling power, infrastructure support power, industrial driving force, population agglomeration power) and exogenous power (government regulation power, market promotion power, social security power) together promote coupling coordinated development.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongwu Zhang & Jian Gong & Huiqiang Ma & Jinyuan Zhang, 2023. "The Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of the Coupling and Coordinated Development of Basic Public Services, Urbanization, and Tourism in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11753-:d:1206700
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fuqiang Dai & Hao Liu & Xia Zhang & Qing Li, 2022. "Does the Equalization of Public Services Effect Regional Disparities in the Ratio of Investment to Consumption? Evidence From Provincial Level in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    2. Tianyu Li & Yizheng Zhao & Xiang Kong, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Basic Public Service Levels in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Ling Lin & Jiangfeng Li, 2021. "Analysis on the Coupling Relationship and Coordinated Development between the Construction of Ethnic Minority Tourist Towns and the Tourism Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Shang, Yunfeng & Lian, Yi & Chen, Hui & Qian, Fangbin, 2023. "The impacts of energy resource and tourism on green growth: Evidence from Asian economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    5. Pengyang Zhang & Lewen Zhang & Dandan Han & Tingting Wang & He Zhu & Yongtao Chen, 2023. "Coupled and Coordinated Development of the Tourism Industry and Urbanization in Marginal and Less Developed Regions—Taking the Mountainous Border Areas of Western Yunnan as a Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-24, March.
    6. Zhongwu Zhang & Jinyuan Zhang & Liping Liu & Jian Gong & Jinqiang Li & Lei Kang, 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity of Urbanization and Ecosystem Services in the Yellow River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.
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