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Research on the Trade-Offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services and Their Impact Factors in the Taohe River Basin

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Zhou

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Bo Zhang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Yaowen Zhang

    (College of Tourism, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Yuhan Su

    (College of Foreign Languages, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China)

  • Jie Chen

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Xiaofang Zhang

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

Abstract

The Taohe River Basin is an essential ecological function area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Understanding the intricate trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services (ESs) and exploring the impact of different factors are essential for achieving win–win outcomes in ecosystem management and socioeconomic development. The role of impact factors on the relationship between ESs, nevertheless, is more challenging to spatialize. This study used different models to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP), water yield (WY), and soil conservation (SC), and analyzed synergies and trade-offs between Ess. The spatial heterogeneity of the effects of natural and social factors on the relationships between Ess was explored using a geographic detector and a multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. The results show that: (1) NPP, WY, and SC all exhibit a rising trend, with multi-year averages of 488.99 gC/m 2 , 157.29 mm, and 1441.51 t/hm 2 , respectively; (2) NPP–WY and NPP–SC exhibit trade-offs in the majority of regions, while WY–SC are primarily synergistic in the upper and middle reaches, and they have the highest percentage of cropland, forest, and grassland; and (3) precipitation (PRE) has the greatest impact on the trade-off between NPP–WY and NPP–SC in the upper and middle reaches, and the gross domestic product (GDP), population density (POP), and distance from cropland (CROP) are the primary factors determining the synergy between NPP and WY in the lower reaches of the Loess Plateau cropping sector. PRE, digital elevation model (DEM), and CROP are the primary impact factors affecting the synergy of WY–SC. This study may serve as a reference for examining the evolutionary mechanism underlying the trade-offs and synergies between ESs and provide a scientific basis for future ecological environmental protection and regional land management in the Taohe River Basin.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Zhou & Bo Zhang & Yaowen Zhang & Yuhan Su & Jie Chen & Xiaofang Zhang, 2023. "Research on the Trade-Offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services and Their Impact Factors in the Taohe River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9689-:d:1172978
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Fathurahman & Purhadi & Sutikno & Vita Ratnasari, 2020. "Geographically Weighted Multivariate Logistic Regression Model and Its Application," Abstract and Applied Analysis, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-10, August.
    2. A. Stewart Fotheringham & Wenbai Yang & Wei Kang, 2017. "Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR)," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(6), pages 1247-1265, November.
    3. Feng, Zhe & Jin, Xueru & Chen, Tianqian & Wu, Jiansheng, 2021. "Understanding trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services to support the decision-making in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
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    1. Zhenjun Yan & Yirong Wang & Xu Hu & Wen Luo, 2023. "Assessment and Enhancement of Ecosystem Service Supply Efficiency Based on Production Possibility Frontier: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Meirong Deng & Dehua Mao & Yeye Li & Ting Wang & Zui Hu, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Variation in Water-Related Ecosystem Services during 2000–2020 and Ecological Management Zoning in the Xiangjiang River Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-23, November.

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