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Revisiting Cluster Vulnerabilities towards Information and Communication Technologies in the Eastern Island of Indonesia Using Fuzzy C Means

Author

Listed:
  • Faisal Anggoro

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Rezzy Eko Caraka

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
    Executive Secretariat, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), BJ Habibie Building, DKI Jakarta 10340, Indonesia)

  • Fajar Agung Prasetyo

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Muthia Ramadhani

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Prana Ugiana Gio

    (Department of Mathematics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Rung-Ching Chen

    (Department of Information Management, College of Informatics, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan)

  • Bens Pardamean

    (Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, DKI Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
    Computer Science Department, Bina Nusantara University, DKI Jakarta 11480, Indonesia)

Abstract

Design/methodology/approach: In the present digital era, technology infrastructure plays an important role in the development of digital literacy in various sectors that can provide various important information on a large scale. Purpose: The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in Indonesia in the last five years has shown a massive development of ICT indicators. The population using the internet also experienced an increase during the period 2016–2020, as indicated by the increasing percentage of the population accessing the internet in 2016 from around 25.37 percent to 53.73 percent in 2020. This study led to a review of the level of ICT vulnerability in eastern Indonesia through a machine learning-based cluster analysis approach. Implications: Data were collected in this study from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) through SUSENAS to obtain an overview of the socioeconomic level and SAKERNAS to capture the employment side. This study uses 15 variables based on aspects of business vulnerability covering 174 districts/cities. Practical implications: Cluster analysis using Fuzzy C Means (FCM) was used to obtain a profile of ICT level vulnerability in eastern Indonesia by selecting the best model. The best model is obtained by selecting the validation value such as Silhouette Index, Partition Entropy, Partition Coefficient, and Modified Partition Coefficient. Social implication: For some areas with a very high level of vulnerability, special attention is needed for the central or local government to support the improvement of information technology through careful planning. Socio-economic and occupational aspects have been reflected in this very vulnerable cluster, and the impact of the increase in ICT will provide a positive value for community development. Originality/value: From the modelling results, the best cluster model is two clusters, which are categorized as high vulnerability and low vulnerability. For each cluster member who has a similarity or proximity to each other, there will be one cluster member.

Suggested Citation

  • Faisal Anggoro & Rezzy Eko Caraka & Fajar Agung Prasetyo & Muthia Ramadhani & Prana Ugiana Gio & Rung-Ching Chen & Bens Pardamean, 2022. "Revisiting Cluster Vulnerabilities towards Information and Communication Technologies in the Eastern Island of Indonesia Using Fuzzy C Means," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3428-:d:771514
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marta Kuc-Czarnecka, 2020. "COVID-19 and digital deprivation in Poland," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 11(3), pages 415-431, September.
    2. Rezzy Eko Caraka & Robert Kurniawan & Bahrul Ilmi Nasution & Jamilatuzzahro Jamilatuzzahro & Prana Ugiana Gio & Mohammad Basyuni & Bens Pardamean, 2021. "Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Business Vulnerability Cluster in Indonesia: An Analysis Using Optimized Fuzzy Geodemographic Clustering," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Paul M. Leonardi, 2021. "COVID‐19 and the New Technologies of Organizing: Digital Exhaust, Digital Footprints, and Artificial Intelligence in the Wake of Remote Work," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(1), pages 249-253, January.
    4. Simin Ghavifekr & Seng Yue Wong, 2022. "Technology Leadership in Malaysian Schools: The Way Forward to Education 4.0 – ICT Utilization and Digital Transformation," International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), IGI Global Scientific Publishing, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, August.
    5. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
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    1. Mirjana Pejić Bach & Božidar Jaković & Ivan Jajić & Maja Meško, 2023. "Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 on E-Learning: Country Development and COVID-19 Response," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, March.

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