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Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Chromium on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth by Using Biochar and Polymer-Modified Biochar in Contaminated Soil

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad I. Rafique

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Munir Ahmad

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammad I. Al-Wabel

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Jahangir Ahmad

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah S. Al-Farraj

    (Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential influences of biochar in mitigating the phytotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI ) on the germination of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Biochar (JBC) was produced from Jujube ( Ziziphus jujube L.) wood waste at three different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C), which was later polymerized (JPBC) via the solution-polymerization method. Phytotoxicity of Cr VI was induced to wheat seeds at variable Cr VI application rates (5, 10, 20, 40 mg L −1 ). Applied Cr VI concentrations confined the seed germination and seedling growth in order of: 5 < 10 < 20 < 40 mg L −1 . The application of JBCs (0.2 g per petri plate) resulted in a 150% increase in shoot length, while dry biomass was increased by 250% with JPBCs application. Uptake of Cr VI was significantly lower in JBC-300 (7.74 μg/seedling) and JPBC-300 (1.13 μg/seedling) treatments, as compared to control (13.24 μg/seedling), at the highest stress level (40 mg L −1 ). Therefore, the findings of the current study showed that JBCs and JPBCs performed excellently in improving seedling growth while JPBCs performed more efficiently than pristine JBCs in mitigating Cr VI phytotoxicity and availability.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad I. Rafique & Munir Ahmad & Mohammad I. Al-Wabel & Jahangir Ahmad & Abdullah S. Al-Farraj, 2022. "Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Chromium on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth by Using Biochar and Polymer-Modified Biochar in Contaminated Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:16093-:d:990975
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Falguni Akter & Humaira Hasan Tinni & Parmita Banarjee & Mohammad Zaber Hossain, 2019. "Effects Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Zn And Cu) On Carbon, Nitrogen And Iron Mineralization In Soil," Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (MJSA), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 33-38, May.
    2. Muhammad Asaad Bashir & Xiukang Wang & Muhammad Naveed & Adnan Mustafa & Sobia Ashraf & Tayyaba Samreen & Sajid Mahmood Nadeem & Moazzam Jamil, 2021. "Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-24, April.
    3. WANG, Guijun & XU, Zhenwen, 2013. "The Effects of Biochar on Germination and Growth of Wheat in Different Saline-alkali Soil," Asian Agricultural Research, USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation, vol. 5(11), pages 1-4, November.
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