IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i23p15613-d982643.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Large-Scale Investigation of the Status of Out-Resettlers from the Three Gorges Area Based on the Production–Living–Social Security–Social Integration–Satisfaction Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou Peng

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China)

  • Xiaochun Xiao

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Ye Lv

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Xiaoyan Guan

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China)

  • Wei Wang

    (Department of Three Gorges Project Management, Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100053, China)

Abstract

Monitoring the living and production standards of resettlers due to hydraulic engineering is at the core of the evaluation of the effectiveness of resettlement and providing post-relocation support. In the past two decades, 0.196 million individuals were relocated outside of the reservoir area (out-resettlers) because of the construction of Three Gorges Dam. In 2019, large-scale tracking and monitoring of resettlers in 1371 households in 122 villages and 12 provinces was conducted by using the methods of stratified sampling, equidistant random sampling, and simple random sampling. The status of out-resettlers from the Three Gorges Reservoir area was compared with that of local residents in resettlement areas and nearby-resettlers based on the production–living–social security–social integration–satisfaction perspective. The results show that the living and production conditions of out-resettlers have significantly improved, and their income and consumption were positively correlated with the development level of the resettlement area. More than 90% of out-resettlers have adapted to local languages, cultural customs, and living habits. Out-resettlers have the highest satisfaction with infrastructure construction and public service facilities, at more than 90%, and the lowest satisfaction with the availability of arable land, at approximately 80%. This study can provide a reference for follow-up work on the Three Gorges Project.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou Peng & Xiaochun Xiao & Ye Lv & Xiaoyan Guan & Wei Wang, 2022. "A Large-Scale Investigation of the Status of Out-Resettlers from the Three Gorges Area Based on the Production–Living–Social Security–Social Integration–Satisfaction Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15613-:d:982643
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15613/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15613/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dolter, Brett & Fellows, G. Kent & Rivers, Nicholas, 2022. "The cost effectiveness of new reservoir hydroelectricity: British Columbia’s Site C project," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    2. Wilmsen, Brooke, 2016. "After the Deluge: A longitudinal study of resettlement at the Three Gorges Dam, China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 41-54.
    3. Cernea, Michael, 1997. "The risks and reconstruction model for resettling displaced populations," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(10), pages 1569-1587, October.
    4. Yuangang Xu & Guoqing Shi & Yingping Dong, 2022. "Effects of the Post-Relocation Support Policy on Livelihood Capital of the Reservoir Resettlers and Its Implications—A Study in Wujiang Sub-Stream of Yangtze River of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, February.
    5. Dingde Xu & Jifei Zhang & Golam Rasul & Shaoquan Liu & Fangting Xie & Mengtian Cao & Enlai Liu, 2015. "Household Livelihood Strategies and Dependence on Agriculture in the Mountainous Settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Webber, Michael & McDonald, Brooke, 2004. "Involuntary Resettlement, Production and Income: Evidence from Xiaolangdi, PRC," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 673-690, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tianhe Jiang & Mark Wang & Yingnan Zhang & Guoqing Shi & Dengcai Yan, 2021. "What about the “Stayers”? Examining China’s Resettlement Induced by Large Reservoir Projects," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Li Huang & Jian Huang & Wei Wang, 2018. "The Sustainable Development Assessment of Reservoir Resettlement Based on a BP Neural Network," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Xia, Bingqing & Qiang, Maoshan & Chen, Wenchao & Fan, Qixiang & Jiang, Hanchen & An, Nan, 2018. "A benefit-sharing model for hydropower projects based on stakeholder input-output analysis: A case study of the Xiluodu Project in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 341-352.
    4. Reddy, A Amarender, 2018. "(2018) Involuntary Resettlement as an Opportunity for Development: The Case of Urban Resettlers of the New Tehri Town, Journal of Land and Rural Studies 6(2) 1–25," AgriXiv szu6a, Center for Open Science.
    5. Randell, Heather, 2016. "The short-term impacts of development-induced displacement on wealth and subjective well-being in the Brazilian Amazon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 385-400.
    6. Lihui Chen, 2008. "Contradictions in Dam Building in Yunnan, China," China Report, , vol. 44(2), pages 97-110, May.
    7. Cong Li & Lei Wang & Marcus W. Feldman & Shuzhuo Li, 2021. "Poverty and income inequality effects of the relocation program in Shaanxi, China," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 35(2), pages 41-59, November.
    8. Vlaeminck, Pieter & Maertens, Miet & Isabirye, Moses & Vanderhpydonks, Filip & Poesen, Jean & Deckers, Jozef & Vranken, Liesbet, 2015. "Coping with landslide risk through preventive resettlement. Designing optimal strategies through choice experiments for the Mount Elgon region, Uganda," Working Papers 232715, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centre for Agricultural and Food Economics.
    9. Jun Cheng & Ruilian Zhang & Yuzhen Liu & Chen Wang, 2022. "Social anomie induced by resource development projects: A case of a coal mining project," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(2), pages 306-321, March.
    10. Xu, Hongzhang & Pittock, Jamie & Daniell, Katherine, 2022. "‘Sustainability of what, for whom? A critical analysis of Chinese development induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) programs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    11. Castro-Diaz, Laura & García, María Alejandra & Villamayor-Tomas, Sergio & Lopez, Maria Claudia, 2023. "Impacts of hydropower development on locals’ livelihoods in the Global South," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    12. Simone Gobien & Björn Vollan, 2016. "Exchanging Land for Solidarity: Solidarity Transfers among Voluntarily Resettled and Non-resettled Land-Reform Beneficiaries," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 98(3), pages 802-818.
    13. Simone Gobien & Björn Vollan, 2013. "Playing with the social network: Social cohesion in resettled and non-resettled communities in Cambodia," Working Papers 2013-16, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universität Innsbruck.
    14. Hongzhang Xu & Meng Peng & Jamie Pittock & Jiayu Xu, 2021. "Managing Rather Than Avoiding “Difficulties” in Building Landscape Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    15. Youliang Huang & Wensheng Lin & Shan Li & Yan Ning, 2018. "Social Impacts of Dam-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Comparative Case Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
    16. Walelign, Solomon Zena & Lujala, Päivi, 2022. "A place-based framework for assessing resettlement capacity in the context of displacement induced by climate change," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    17. Hien Thanh Nguyen & Ty Huu Pham & Lisa Lobry de Bruyn, 2017. "Impact of Hydroelectric Dam Development and Resettlement on the Natural and Social Capital of Rural Livelihoods in Bo Hon Village in Central Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-15, August.
    18. Seewald, Eva & Grote, Ulrike, 2021. "The Impact of Small- and Medium-Size Hydro-Power Plants on Farming in Rural Vietnam," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315004, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Brown, Philip H. & MAGEE, Darrin & Xu, Yilin, 2008. "Socioeconomic vulnerability in China's hydropower development," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 614-627, December.
    20. Guoqing Shi & Yuanke Zhao & Xiaoya Mei & Dengcai Yan & Hubiao Zhang & Yuangang Xu & Yingping Dong, 2022. "Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15613-:d:982643. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.