IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i18p11512-d914712.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Characteristics of Real-World Emission Factors and VSP Distributions—A Case Study in Beijing

Author

Listed:
  • Weinan He

    (School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Transport Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China)

  • Lei Duan

    (School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Zhuoyuan Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Xu Zhao

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Transport Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China)

  • Ying Cheng

    (Beijing Key Laboratory of Transport Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China)

Abstract

Vehicle emissions intensity at a given travel speed is well known among the public since travel speed is the key parameter in both the traffic model and the emission model. Yet, several problems still remain in traditional approaches of measuring the emission intensity. To establish accurate and high-resolution emission factors, an established method of emission factors is proposed based on the real-time monitoring operation conditions data, which can reflect the effect of dynamic traffic changes on emissions. The speed-specific vehicle-specific power (VSP) distributions of different months, as well as those in different vehicles in Beijing were developed and compared. Statistical analyses such as Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to quantify the differences in the VSP distribution. The results showed the significant correlation between the distribution of VSP, velocity, and operating patterns at time intervals within the annual range. Driving conditions in 2021 are more eco-friendly because of the improvement of digital development and driving habits. Furthermore, research on CO, HC, and NOx emission factor situations in different cycles revealed that the emission factors of NOx and HC are always underestimated in typical operating modes, while sometimes the emissions of CO are overvalued.

Suggested Citation

  • Weinan He & Lei Duan & Zhuoyuan Zhang & Xu Zhao & Ying Cheng, 2022. "Analysis of the Characteristics of Real-World Emission Factors and VSP Distributions—A Case Study in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11512-:d:914712
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11512/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11512/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cui, Yuepeng & Xu, Hao & Zou, Fumin & Chen, Zhihui & Gong, Kuangmin, 2021. "Optimization based method to develop representative driving cycle for real-world fuel consumption estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    2. Artur Jaworski & Maksymilian Mądziel & Hubert Kuszewski, 2022. "Sustainable Public Transport Strategies—Decomposition of the Bus Fleet and Its Influence on the Decrease in Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Xin Wang & Guohua Song & Zhiqiang Zhai & Yizheng Wu & Hang Yin & Lei Yu, 2021. "Effects of Vehicle Load on Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks: A Study Based on Real-World Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2021. "Effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on real-world fuel consumption and emissions from compressed natural gas and diesel urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    5. Maksymilian Mądziel & Tiziana Campisi & Artur Jaworski & Hubert Kuszewski & Paweł Woś, 2021. "Assessing Vehicle Emissions from a Multi-Lane to Turbo Roundabout Conversion Using a Microsimulation Tool," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    6. Francesco Acuto & Margarida C. Coelho & Paulo Fernandes & Tullio Giuffrè & Elżbieta Macioszek & Anna Granà, 2022. "Assessing the Environmental Performances of Urban Roundabouts Using the VSP Methodology and AIMSUN," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-28, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Weiwei Liu & Jianbei Liu & Qiang Yu & Donghui Shan & Chao Wang & Zhiwei Wu, 2024. "Optimal Speed Ranges for Different Vehicle Types for Exhaust Emission Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-21, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tang, Tianfeng & Peng, Qianlong & Shi, Qing & Peng, Qingguo & Zhao, Jin & Chen, Chaoyi & Wang, Guangwei, 2024. "Energy management of fuel cell hybrid electric bus in mountainous regions: A deep reinforcement learning approach considering terrain characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    2. Artur Jaworski & Vasyl Mateichyk & Hubert Kuszewski & Maksymilian Mądziel & Paweł Woś & Bożena Babiarz & Mirosław Śmieszek & Sławomir Porada, 2023. "Towards Cleaner Cities: An Analysis of the Impact of Bus Fleet Decomposition on PM and NO X Emissions Reduction in Sustainable Public Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Inese Mavlutova & Dzintra Atstaja & Janis Grasis & Jekaterina Kuzmina & Inga Uvarova & Dagnija Roga, 2023. "Urban Transportation Concept and Sustainable Urban Mobility in Smart Cities: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Miroslaw Smieszek & Vasyl Mateichyk & Jakub Mosciszewski, 2024. "The Influence of Stops on the Selected Route of the City ITS on the Energy Efficiency of the Public Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-26, August.
    5. Duan, Xiongbo & Feng, Lining & Liu, Haibo & Jiang, Pengfei & Chen, Chao & Sun, Zhiqiang, 2023. "Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions of a heavy-duty vehicle powered by a methanol-fuelled spark ignition engine under world Harmonized Transient Cycle and actual on-road driving conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    6. Edward Kozłowski & Alfredas Rimkus & Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska & Jonas Matijošius & Piotr Wiśniowski & Mateusz Traczyński & Piotr Laskowski & Radovan Madlenak, 2025. "Energy and Environmental Impacts of Replacing Gasoline with LPG Under Real Driving Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-22, October.
    7. Xiao Liang & Huifang Song & Gefan Wu & Yongjie Guo & Shu Zhang, 2024. "Complex Traffic Flow Model for Analysis and Optimization of Fuel Consumption and Emissions at Large Roundabouts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-26, October.
    8. Nur Ayeesha Qisteena Muzir & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Jeyraj Selvaraj, 2023. "Modeling and Analyzing the Impact of Different Operating Conditions for Electric and Conventional Vehicles in Malaysia on Energy, Economic, and the Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-31, June.
    9. Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi & Hans Arvidsson & Olav Nilsson & Seppo Niemi, 2022. "Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Avenali, Alessandro & De Santis, Daniele & Giagnorio, Mirko & Matteucci, Giorgio, 2024. "Bus fleet decarbonization under macroeconomic and technological uncertainties: A real options approach to support decision-making," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    11. Liang Liu & Yuhan Zhang & Xiujuan Gong & Mengyue Li & Xue Li & Donglin Ren & Pan Jiang, 2022. "Impact of Digital Economy Development on Carbon Emission Efficiency: A Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on Chinese Provinces and Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-21, November.
    12. Lv, Zongyan & Wu, Lin & Yang, Zhiwen & Yang, Lei & Fang, Tiange & Mao, Hongjun, 2023. "Comparison on real-world driving emission characteristics of CNG, LNG and Hybrid-CNG buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    13. Carlos Santos-Iglesia & Pablo Fernández-Arias & Álvaro Antón-Sancho & Diego Vergara, 2022. "Energy Consumption of the Urban Transport Fleet in UNESCO World Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Ávila (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, May.
    14. Fredy Rosero & Carlos Xavier Rosero & Carlos Segovia, 2024. "Towards Simpler Approaches for Assessing Fuel Efficiency and CO 2 Emissions of Vehicle Engines in Real Traffic Conditions Using On-Board Diagnostic Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-18, September.
    15. Fan, Pengfei & Yin, Hang & Lu, Hongyu & Wu, Yizheng & Zhai, Zhiqiang & Yu, Lei & Song, Guohua, 2023. "Which factor contributes more to the fuel consumption gap between in-laboratory vs. real-world driving conditions? An independent component analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    16. Haoming Gu & Shenghua Liu & Yanju Wei & Xibin Liu & Xiaodong Zhu & Zheyang Li, 2022. "Effects of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Addition in Diesel on Real Driving Emission and Fuel Consumption Characteristics of a CHINA VI Heavy-Duty Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-20, March.
    17. Maksymilian Mądziel & Tiziana Campisi, 2023. "Investigation of Vehicular Pollutant Emissions at 4-Arm Intersections for the Improvement of Integrated Actions in the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    18. Liu, Enze & Lin, Zhiyuan & Chen, Haibo & Jia, Dongyao & Liu, Ye & Guo, Junhua & Li, Tiezhu & Wei, Tangjian, 2025. "Multiobjective eco-driving speed optimisation with real-time traffic: Balancing fuel, NOx, and travel time," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    19. Artur Ryguła & Krzysztof Brzozowski, 2024. "A Study of Heavy Road Freight Transport in Poland in the Context of the Pursuit of Sustainable Road Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-13, October.
    20. Giagnorio, Mirko & Börjesson, Maria & D'Alfonso, Tiziana, 2024. "Introducing electric buses in urban areas: Effects on welfare, pricing, frequency, and public subsidies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11512-:d:914712. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.