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New Approach for Mining Site Reclamation Using Alternative Substrate Based on Phosphate Industry By-Product and Sludge (Part 2): Metals Transfer to Plant and Soil Microbial Density

Author

Listed:
  • Yao Kohou Donatien Guéablé

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Youssef Bezrhoud

    (Digital for Research (D4R), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Henri Joël Aké Aké

    (Labelleld Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco)

  • Haitam Moulay

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Amal An-nori

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
    Labelleld Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco)

  • Aziz Soulaimani

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Lhoussaine Moughli

    (Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 16000, Morocco)

  • Yedir Ouhdouch

    (Labelleld Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
    Agrobiosciences (AgBs) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Mohamed Hafidi

    (Labelleld Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
    Agrobiosciences (AgBs) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Mohamed El Gharous

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Khalil El Mejahed

    (Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of the phosphate industry’s by-products and sewage sludge on some heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the soil–plant system and the microbial load (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) in the soil. The experimental layout was a completely randomized design with ten treatments and four replications. The treatments consist of a combination of five substrates: phosphogypsum (PG), phosphate sludge (PS), sewage sludge (SS), phosphate waste rocks (PWR) and original mine topsoil (TS). Heavy metals analysis, phytoextraction efficiency (PEE) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were carried out for three Ryegrass cuts. The microbial load of each treatment was determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the Pb, Zn and Cd contents of the treatments were well below the permissible limits given in the literature. The highest BCF and PEE were with treatment T4. Furthermore, bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria were significantly influenced by the different proportions of by-products used in the treatments, with the highest richness observed for the T4 treatment. For a successful reclamation of mine sites, it would be useful to determine the speciation of metals in the soil solution and the microbial genetic diversity.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao Kohou Donatien Guéablé & Youssef Bezrhoud & Henri Joël Aké Aké & Haitam Moulay & Amal An-nori & Aziz Soulaimani & Lhoussaine Moughli & Yedir Ouhdouch & Mohamed Hafidi & Mohamed El Gharous & Khalil, 2022. "New Approach for Mining Site Reclamation Using Alternative Substrate Based on Phosphate Industry By-Product and Sludge (Part 2): Metals Transfer to Plant and Soil Microbial Density," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:18:p:11359-:d:911589
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yao Kohou Donatien Guéablé & Youssef Bezrhoud & Haitam Moulay & Lhoussaine Moughli & Mohamed Hafidi & Mohamed El Gharouss & Khalil El Mejahed, 2021. "New Approach for Mining Site Reclamation Using Alternative Substrate Based on Phosphate Industry By-Product and Sludge Mixture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Christophe Waterlot & Marie Hechelski, 2019. "Benefits of Ryegrass on Multicontaminated Soils Part 1: Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Metals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Xuan Zhang & Xian-qing Wang & Dong-fang Wang, 2017. "Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-19, November.
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