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Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise

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  • Izaro Esain

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain)

  • Susana María Gil

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain)

  • Iratxe Duñabeitia

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain)

  • Ana Rodriguez-Larrad

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain)

  • Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona

    (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of social distancing on physical activity (PA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in active Spanish older adults according to their physical functionality. The study included 58 older adults aged 76.24 ± 6.00 years who were enrolled in a supervised physical exercise program before the COVID-19 outbreak. Anthropometric, physical function, physical activity and HRQoL were measured at baseline (October 2019). After the two-month lockdown due to the COVID-19, questionnaires were collected again during de-escalation (May 2020). Participants were divided into high- (n = 29) and low-functionality (n = 29) groups. Total PA, walking and cleaning significantly decreased ( p < 0.001) whilst exercising or dancing increased ( p < 0.001). General health, social and emotional role functioning dimensions and overall mental component scores worsened ( p < 0.01– p < 0.05). Low-functionality participants had significantly lower physical functioning scores at baseline ( p < 0.01) and lower bodily pain scores at de-escalation ( p < 0.01). Emotional role functioning dimension and overall mental component significantly decreased only in low-functionality participants ( p < 0.05). Although PA levels decreased significantly, older adults continued being active regardless of their functionality. While mental HRQoL in participants with higher physical functionality remained unchanged, participants with lower functional capacity had a higher risk of mental health concerns. Therefore, attention should focus on strategies to mitigate the negative effects of distancing measures on older people’s mental health, especially in those with lower functionality.

Suggested Citation

  • Izaro Esain & Susana María Gil & Iratxe Duñabeitia & Ana Rodriguez-Larrad & Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, 2021. "Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:3771-:d:525940
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olivier Desrichard & Fanny Vallet & Stefan Agrigoroaei & Delphine Fagot & Dario Spini, 2018. "Frailty in aging and its influence on perceived stress exposure and stress-related symptoms: evidence from the Swiss Vivre/Leben/Vivere study," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 331-338, December.
    2. Santini, Ziggi Ivan & Jose, Paul E. & Koyanagi, Ai & Meilstrup, Charlotte & Nielsen, Line & Madsen, Katrine R. & Koushede, Vibeke, 2020. "Formal social participation protects physical health through enhanced mental health: A longitudinal mediation analysis using three consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in E," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
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    1. Olga Molinero & Alfonso Salguero & Sara Márquez, 2021. "Perceived Health, Depression and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: Physical Activity and Osteoarticular Disease," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-11, July.

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