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Will I Like Myself If You Hurt Me? Experiences of Violence and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem

Author

Listed:
  • Barbara Jankowiak

    (Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland)

  • Sylwia Jaskulska

    (Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland)

  • Belén Sanz-Barbero

    (Carlos III Institute of Health, National School of Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Katarzyna Waszyńska

    (Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland)

  • Karen De Claire

    (Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK)

  • Nicola Bowes

    (Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK)

  • Estefânia Silva

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
    CIEG (ISCSP-ULisbon), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Sofia Neves

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
    CIEG (ISCSP-ULisbon), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez

    (Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

  • Jacek Pyżalski

    (Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland)

  • Iwona Chmura-Rutkowska

    (Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland)

  • Carmen Vives-Cases

    (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

Abstract

Self-esteem seems to be a crucial factor in adolescents’ psychological well-being. Our study aimed to identify the likelihood of high/medium/low adolescents’ self-esteem in personal experiences of abuse and/or violence (abuse by an adult in childhood, bullying and cyberbullying, and dating violence victimization), different socioeconomic characteristics, perceived social support, and ability to resolve social problems. The study participants were 1451 students from secondary schools (age 13–16) in Spain, Italy, Romania, Portugal, Poland and the UK. We calculated relative risk ratios using multinomial regression models to understand how socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences of abuse and/or violence, perceived social support, ability to resolve social problems were associated with a self-esteem level. Having no experience of being a victim of physical and sexual abuse in childhood and not being a victim of bullying and cyberbullying is connected with the likelihood of high self-esteem regarding having low self-esteem. Taking as reference those who have never been in a dating relationship, the probability of medium and high self-esteem, decreases when teens are in a romantic or dating relationship and they are victims of intimate partner violence, but the negative effect is explained when other violent variables are included in the model. Being a boy, begin a younger teenager, mother’s paid work, high problem-solving skills and perceptions of social support is in relation with the prospect for higher self-esteem. Promoting adolescent self-esteem means preventing all forms of violence perpetrated by significant others, as well as increasing the ability of youth to seek social support and develop problem-solving skills.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Jankowiak & Sylwia Jaskulska & Belén Sanz-Barbero & Katarzyna Waszyńska & Karen De Claire & Nicola Bowes & Estefânia Silva & Sofia Neves & Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez & Jacek Pyżalski & Iwona , 2021. "Will I Like Myself If You Hurt Me? Experiences of Violence and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11620-:d:661239
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Bingbing & Pan, Yangu & Liu, Guangzeng & Chen, Wanfen & Lu, Jiamei & Li, Xu, 2020. "Perceived social support and self-esteem mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychosocial flourishing in Chinese undergraduate students," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    2. Stover, Carla Smith & Choi, Mi Jin & Mayes, Linda C., 2018. "The moderating role of attachment on the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent dating violence," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 679-688.
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