IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p11562-d660479.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Post-Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Immobilised Green Microalgae Chlorococcum oleofaciens

Author

Listed:
  • Kah Aik Tan

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Japareng Lalung

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Norhashimah Morad

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Norli Ismail

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Wan Maznah Wan Omar

    (School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

  • Moonis Ali Khan

    (Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mika Sillanpää

    (Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Mohd Rafatullah

    (School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia)

Abstract

Microalgae immobilisation can be a long-term solution for effective wastewater post-treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of immobilised Chlorococcum oleofaciens to remove contaminants from palm oil mill effluent (POME) until it complies with the POME discharge standard. First, the native dominating green microalga was isolated from a polishing POME treatment pond. Then, the microalgae cells were immobilised on sodium alginate beads and cultivated in a lab-scale-treated POME to treat it further. The immobilised microalgae cells demonstrated a high removal of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and soluble chemical oxygen demand with 90.43%, 93.51%, 91.26%, and 50.72% of reduction, respectively. Furthermore, the growth rate of the microalgae fitted nicely with the Verhulst logistical model with r 2 of more than 0.99, indicating the model’s suitability in modelling the growth. Thus, we concluded that the species can be used for post-treatment of effluents to remove TP, TN, and ammonia nitrogen from palm oil mills until it complies with the POME effluent discharge standard. However, during the process, degradation of the beads occurred and the COD value increased. Therefore, it is not suitable to be used for COD removal.

Suggested Citation

  • Kah Aik Tan & Japareng Lalung & Norhashimah Morad & Norli Ismail & Wan Maznah Wan Omar & Moonis Ali Khan & Mika Sillanpää & Mohd Rafatullah, 2021. "Post-Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Immobilised Green Microalgae Chlorococcum oleofaciens," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11562-:d:660479
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11562/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11562/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmad, Ashfaq & Buang, Azizul & Bhat, A.H., 2016. "Renewable and sustainable bioenergy production from microalgal co-cultivation with palm oil mill effluent (POME): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 214-234.
    2. Florian Delrue & Pablo David Álvarez-Díaz & Sophie Fon-Sing & Gatien Fleury & Jean-François Sassi, 2016. "The Environmental Biorefinery: Using Microalgae to Remediate Wastewater, a Win-Win Paradigm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-19, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Singh, Kripal & Ansari, Faiz Ahmad & Ingle, Kapilkumar Nivrutti & Gupta, Sanjay Kumar & Ahirwal, Jitendra & Dhyani, Shalini & Singh, Shraddha & Abhilash, P.C. & Rawat, Ismael & Byun, Chaeho & Bux, Fai, 2023. "Microalgae from wastewaters to wastelands: Leveraging microalgal research conducive to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    2. Hussain, Fida & Shah, Syed Z. & Ahmad, Habib & Abubshait, Samar A. & Abubshait, Haya A. & Laref, A. & Manikandan, A. & Kusuma, Heri S. & Iqbal, Munawar, 2021. "Microalgae an ecofriendly and sustainable wastewater treatment option: Biomass application in biofuel and bio-fertilizer production. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Arkadiusz Piwowar & Maciej Dzikuć, 2019. "Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Threats Resulting from Low-Altitude Emissions in Rural Areas in Poland: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Emanuele La Bella & Paride Salvatore Occhipinti & Ivana Puglisi & Ferdinando Fragalà & Rossella Saccone & Nunziatina Russo & Cinzia Lucia Randazzo & Cinzia Caggia & Andrea Baglieri, 2023. "Comparative Phycoremediation Performance of Three Microalgae Species in Two Different Magnitude of Pollutants in Wastewater from Farmhouse," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Niaz Ali Khan & Muhammad Humayun & Muhammad Usman & Zahid Ali Ghazi & Abdul Naeem & Abbas Khan & Asim Laeeq Khan & Asif Ali Tahir & Habib Ullah, 2021. "Structural Characteristics and Environmental Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
    6. Esveidi Montserrat Valdovinos-García & Juan Barajas-Fernández & María de los Ángeles Olán-Acosta & Moisés Abraham Petriz-Prieto & Adriana Guzmán-López & Micael Gerardo Bravo-Sánchez, 2020. "Techno-Economic Study of CO 2 Capture of a Thermoelectric Plant Using Microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris ) for Production of Feedstock for Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Khatun, Rahima & Reza, Mohammad Imam Hasan & Moniruzzaman, M. & Yaakob, Zahira, 2017. "Sustainable oil palm industry: The possibilities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 608-619.
    8. Sandeep Panda & Srabani Mishra & Ata Akcil & Mehmet Ali Kucuker, 2021. "Microalgal potential for nutrient-energy-wastewater nexus: Innovations, current trends and future directions," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(4), pages 604-634, June.
    9. Alla Silkina & Naomi E. Ginnever & Fleuriane Fernandes & Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald, 2019. "Large-Scale Waste Bio-Remediation Using Microalgae Cultivation as a Platform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Nandini Moondra & Robin A Christian, 2020. "Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia: An Alluring And Novel Approach For Domestic Wastewater Treatment," Water Conservation & Management (WCM), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 4(1), pages 51-56, October.
    11. Sze Shin Low & Kien Xiang Bong & Muhammad Mubashir & Chin Kui Cheng & Man Kee Lam & Jun Wei Lim & Yeek Chia Ho & Keat Teong Lee & Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh & Pau Loke Show, 2021. "Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Ricardo N. Coimbra & Carla Escapa & Marta Otero, 2019. "Comparative Thermogravimetric Assessment on the Combustion of Coal, Microalgae Biomass and Their Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-22, August.
    13. Sigrid Kusch-Brandt & Mohammad A. T. Alsheyab, 2021. "Wastewater Refinery: Producing Multiple Valuable Outputs from Wastewater," J, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-11, February.
    14. Qiu, Shuang & Wang, Lingfeng & Champagne, Pascale & Cao, Guihua & Chen, Zhipeng & Wang, Shuying & Ge, Shijian, 2019. "Effects of crystalline nanocellulose on wastewater-cultivated microalgal separation and biomass composition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 207-217.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11562-:d:660479. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.