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A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Index Assessment in a Rural Community of Cambodia

Author

Listed:
  • Saret Bun

    (Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia)

  • Sreymao Sek

    (Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
    Water and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia)

  • Chantha Oeurng

    (Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia)

  • Manabu Fujii

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan)

  • Phaly Ham

    (Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
    Water and Environment Research Unit, Research and Innovative Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand)

  • Pisut Painmanakul

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
    Research Unit on Technology for Oil Spill and Contamination Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
    Research Program in Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand)

Abstract

To propose an efficient system for addressing water scarcity in a rural area through groundwater use, the information on water consumption and interpretation of groundwater quality are essential for estimating the optimal preparation of the comprehensive water system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the current household domestic water consumption and groundwater quality index of currently accessed wells in a small rural community of Preyveng province, Cambodia as a practical and beneficial as well as a model for the water resource sector in rural areas. The questionnaire survey was designed as the main instrument for collecting the household water use as face-to-face interviews. The result showed that the average daily water consumption in the Preal commune is about 71 L per capita, which is almost two times lower than the minimum water quantity recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), 150 L/day per capita. Moreover, 100% of the households in this commune heavily rely on groundwater wells for domestic water use and more than 50% confirmed that they used raw groundwater as drinking water without a proposer treatment system. Approximately 70% of the people in Preal wishes to have a clean water supply and more than 80% of the household had a positive willingness to pay for clean water supply. In terms of groundwater quality in the Preal commune, it is mainly contaminated by iron, arsenic, fluoride, and manganese, which are mainly associated with human health effects from daily consumption. About 75% of groundwater wells are presented in poor conditions and were unsuitable for drinking purposes. Lastly, the suitable water treatment and supply should be considered in order to reduce the effects on people’s health as well as to improve living conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Saret Bun & Sreymao Sek & Chantha Oeurng & Manabu Fujii & Phaly Ham & Pisut Painmanakul, 2021. "A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Index Assessment in a Rural Community of Cambodia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10071-:d:631708
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Insaf Babiker & Mohamed Mohamed & Tetsuya Hiyama, 2007. "Assessing groundwater quality using GIS," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(4), pages 699-715, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tongtong Zhao & Bo Shao, 2022. "Domestic Water Consumption and Its Influencing Factors in the Yellow River Basin Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index and Decoupling Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Jian Sun & Baizhong Yan & Yao Li & Huixiao Sun & Yahui Wang & Jiaqi Chen, 2021. "Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.

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