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Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China

Author

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  • Jian Sun

    (Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization & Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Baizhong Yan

    (Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization & Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Yao Li

    (Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization & Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Huixiao Sun

    (Mineral Exploration Institute Co. of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310013, China)

  • Yahui Wang

    (Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Geological and Mineral Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

  • Jiaqi Chen

    (Hebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology Research, School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization & Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
    Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

Abstract

With the development of the human population and society, groundwater environmental problems have become an important factor limiting global socioeconomic development, and the study of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and pollution is a current hot issue. In this study, data regarding shallow groundwater quality in 76 instances were used to evaluate the quality of shallow groundwater in the plains of Henan Province, China, by using a combination of subjective and objective assignments, mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio analysis, and other methods to study the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the groundwater quality in most areas of Henan Plain is in good condition, and the proportion of samples with excellent grades and good grades is as high as 43.42% and 35.53%. The range of poor and extremely poor water quality is small, and only five samples are judged as poor and extremely poor grades, mainly distributed in Jiaozuo City, Xinxiang City, Zhoukou City, and Puyang City. The groundwater anionic hydrochemistry is mainly of the HCO 3 type, accounting for 61.84% of the samples and locally transformed downstream to HCO 3 ·SO 4 , HCO 3 ·SO 4 ·Cl, HCO 3 ·Cl·SO 4 , and Cl·SO 4 ·HCO 3 . Cations are predominantly of the Ca/Mg and Ca–Mg/Mg–Ca type, and gradually transformed to the Na–Ca/Ca–Na and Na–Mg/Mg–Na type along the runoff direction. Water–rock interactions and anthropogenic factors dominate the hydrochemistry evolution, with major geochemical processes involving the precipitation of calcite and dolomite as well as the weathering dissolution of rock salt and fluorite. Human activity is an important factor affecting the distribution of NO 3 –N and Fe 3+ . It is recommended that groundwater be continuously monitored to provide scientific data for sustainable groundwater quality management and that appropriate measures be developed to prevent further degradation of the groundwater environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jian Sun & Baizhong Yan & Yao Li & Huixiao Sun & Yahui Wang & Jiaqi Chen, 2021. "Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12586-:d:679304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Seoro Lee & Jonggun Kim & Gwanjae Lee & Jiyeong Hong & Joo Hyun Bae & Kyoung Jae Lim, 2021. "Prediction of Aquatic Ecosystem Health Indices through Machine Learning Models Using the WGAN-Based Data Augmentation Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-20, September.
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    3. McGill, B. M. & Altchenko, Yvan & Hamilton, S. K. & Kenabatho, P. K. & Sylvester, S. R. & Villholth, Karen G., 2019. "Complex interactions between climate change, sanitation, and groundwater quality: a case study from Ramotswa, Botswana," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 27(3):997-1.
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