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The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

Author

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  • Lambros Mitropoulos

    (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Hellenic Institute of Transport, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Annie Kortsari

    (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Hellenic Institute of Transport, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Alexandros Koliatos

    (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Hellenic Institute of Transport, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Georgia Ayfantopoulou

    (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Hellenic Institute of Transport, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

Suggested Citation

  • Lambros Mitropoulos & Annie Kortsari & Alexandros Koliatos & Georgia Ayfantopoulou, 2021. "The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8430-:d:603348
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ali Tavsanoglu & César Briso & Diego Carmena-Cabanillas & Rafael B. Arancibia, 2021. "Concepts of Hyperloop Wireless Communication at 1200 km/h: 5G, Wi-Fi, Propagation, Doppler and Handover," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
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    3. Su Y. Choi & Chang Y. Lee & Jung M. Jo & Jae H. Choe & Ye Jun Oh & Kwan S. Lee & Jung Y. Lim, 2019. "Sub-Sonic Linear Synchronous Motors Using Superconducting Magnets for the Hyperloop," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Aditya Bose & Vimal K. Viswanathan, 2021. "Mitigating the Piston Effect in High-Speed Hyperloop Transportation: A Study on the Use of Aerofoils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
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    6. Jae-Sung Oh & Taehak Kang & Seokgyun Ham & Kwan-Sup Lee & Yong-Jun Jang & Hong-Sun Ryou & Jaiyoung Ryu, 2019. "Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Hyperloop System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
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    10. repec:cdl:ucsbrw:qt3w5414sm is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Max Werner & Klaus Eißing & Sebastian Langton, 2016. "Shared Value Potential of Transporting Cargo via Hyperloop," Working Paper 166/2016, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg.
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    1. Aleksejs Vesjolijs & Yulia Stukalina & Olga Zervina, 2025. "A Framework for Quantifying Hyperloop’s Socio-Economic Impact in Smart Cities Using GDP Modeling," Economies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Wang, Yudi & Xiang, Pengcheng, 2024. "Evolutionary game and system dynamics for analysis on stakeholder strategies of regional high-speed rail project in investment decision stage," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).

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