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Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Vasilios Liordos

    (Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece)

  • Jukka Jokimäki

    (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland)

  • Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki

    (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland)

  • Evangelos Valsamidis

    (Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece)

  • Vasileios J. Kontsiotis

    (Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece)

Abstract

Knowing the ecological requirements of bird species is essential for their successful conservation. We studied the niche characteristics of birds in managed small-sized green spaces in the urban core areas of southern (Kavala, Greece) and northern Europe (Rovaniemi, Finland), during the breeding season, based on a set of 16 environmental variables and using Outlying Mean Index, a multivariate ordination technique. Overall, 26 bird species in Kavala and 15 in Rovaniemi were recorded in more than 5% of the green spaces and were used in detailed analyses. In both areas, bird species occupied different niches of varying marginality and breadth, indicating varying responses to urban environmental conditions. Birds showed high specialization in niche position, with 12 species in Kavala (46.2%) and six species in Rovaniemi (40.0%) having marginal niches. Niche breadth was narrower in Rovaniemi than in Kavala. Species in both communities were more strongly associated either with large green spaces located further away from the city center and having a high vegetation cover (urban adapters; e.g., Common Chaffinch ( Fringilla coelebs ), European Greenfinch ( Chloris chloris ), Eurasian Blue Tit ( Cyanistes caeruleus )) or with green spaces located closer to the city center and having high gray area cover and anthropogenic disturbance level (urban exploiters; e.g., Western Jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ), House Sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), Eurasian Magpie ( Pica pica )). The eleven species that were common to both study areas similarly used the environmental variables and had similar niches, indicating that birds respond similarly to urbanization irrespective of latitude. Sixteen species in Kavala and eleven species in Rovaniemi were identified as conservation priority species, based on their niche specialization level and conservation status. The management actions proposed for the conservation of priority species will also benefit other species with similar ecological requirements and ultimately help maintain diverse bird communities in small-sized green spaces in urban core areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Vasilios Liordos & Jukka Jokimäki & Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki & Evangelos Valsamidis & Vasileios J. Kontsiotis, 2021. "Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:6327-:d:567870
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marufa Sultana & Max Müller & Magdalena Meyer & Ilse Storch, 2022. "Neighboring Green Network and Landscape Metrics Explain Biodiversity within Small Urban Green Areas—A Case Study on Birds," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-11, May.

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