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Crop Diseases and Mycotoxin Accumulation in Temperate Agroforestry Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Lukas Beule

    (Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany)

  • Ena Lehtsaar

    (Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany)

  • Anna Rathgeb

    (Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany)

  • Petr Karlovsky

    (Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany)

Abstract

Background: Temperate agroforestry is regarded as a sustainable alternative to monoculture agriculture due to enhanced provisioning of ecosystem services. Plant health and food safety are crucial requirements for sustainable agriculture; however, studies of fungal diseases and mycotoxin contamination of crops grown under temperate agroforestry are lacking. This study therefore aimed to compare fungal colonization and mycotoxin contamination of crops grown in temperate agroforestry against conventional monoculture. Methods: The biomass of plant pathogenic fungi in oilseed rape plants and barley and wheat grain harvested in 2016 to 2018 at four paired agroforestry and monoculture sites was quantified using species-specific real-time PCR. Mycotoxin content of barley and wheat grain was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Results : The colonization of oilseed rape plants with the vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum and wheat grain with the head blight pathogen Fusarium tricinctum was lower in agroforestry than in conventional monoculture. Mycotoxin content of barley and wheat grain did not differ between agroforestry and monoculture systems and did not exceed the legal limits of the EU. Remarkably, fumonisin B 1 was detected in wheat grains at two sites in two years, yet the low levels found do not raise food safety concerns. No differences were found between the two production systems with regard to infection of wheat and barley grain with five Fusarium species ( F . avenaceum , F . culmorum , F . graminearum , F . poae , and F . proliferatum ) and oilseed rape with fungal pathogens Leptosphaeria biglobosa , Leptosphaeria maculans , and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Conclusions : Temperate agroforestry does not negatively affect the infection of wheat, barley and oilseed rape with major fungal pathogens though it may suppress the infection of oilseed rape with V. longisporum and wheat grain with F. tricinctum . Furthermore, temperate agroforestry does not increase mycotoxin contamination of barley and wheat. Therefore, temperate agroforestry does not negatively affect food safety.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Beule & Ena Lehtsaar & Anna Rathgeb & Petr Karlovsky, 2019. "Crop Diseases and Mycotoxin Accumulation in Temperate Agroforestry Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2925-:d:233546
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yueju Zhao & Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj & Fuguo Xing & Lu Zhou & Yan Wang & Huimin Song & Xinxin Tan & Lichao Sun & Lancine Sangare & Yawa Minnie Elodie Folly & Yang Liu, 2014. "Antagonistic Action of Bacillus subtilis Strain SG6 on Fusarium graminearum," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Pardon, P. & Reubens, B. & Mertens, J. & Verheyen, K. & De Frenne, P. & De Smet, G. & Van Waes, C. & Reheul, D., 2018. "Effects of temperate agroforestry on yield and quality of different arable intercrops," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 135-151.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maya Sollen-Norrlin & Bhim Bahadur Ghaley & Naomi Laura Jane Rintoul, 2020. "Agroforestry Benefits and Challenges for Adoption in Europe and Beyond," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Dimosthenis Kizis & Aikaterini-Eleni Vichou & Pantelis I. Natskoulis, 2021. "Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Analysis and Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Grapes and Derived Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, February.

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