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Sustainable Management and Successful Application of Constructed Wetlands: A Critical Review

Author

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  • Angela Gorgoglione

    (Department of Fluid Mechanics and Environmental Engineering (IMFIA), College of Engineering, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay)

  • Vincenzo Torretta

    (Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy)

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmental-friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries; particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly giving basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide sustainable solutions for the performance and applications of CWs. To accomplish this objective, design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. The current study collects and presents results of more than 120 case studies from around the world. This work provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This study presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication.

Suggested Citation

  • Angela Gorgoglione & Vincenzo Torretta, 2018. "Sustainable Management and Successful Application of Constructed Wetlands: A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3910-:d:178725
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maria Di Modugno & Andrea Gioia & Angela Gorgoglione & Vito Iacobellis & Giovanni La Forgia & Alberto F. Piccinni & Ezio Ranieri, 2015. "Build-Up/Wash-Off Monitoring and Assessment for Sustainable Management of First Flush in an Urban Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Christopher Walker & Katharina Tondera & Terry Lucke, 2017. "Stormwater Treatment Evaluation of a Constructed Floating Wetland after Two Years Operation in an Urban Catchment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-10, September.
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    2. Justyna Drzymała & Joanna Kalka & Adam Sochacki & Ewa Felis, 2022. "Towards Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Bioindication as a Technique for Supporting Treatment Efficiency Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Alejandro Acero-Oliete & Pedro Luis López-Julián & Beniamino Russo & Oscar Ruiz-Lozano, 2022. "Comparative Efficiency of Two Different Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment of Small Populations in Mediterranean Continental Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Nash Jett D. G. Reyes & Franz Kevin F. Geronimo & Heidi B. Guerra & Lee-Hyung Kim, 2023. "Bibliometric Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Stormwater Treatment Wetlands: Global Research Trends and Existing Knowledge Gaps," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, January.
    5. Stevo Lavrnić & Maribel Zapater Pereyra & Sandra Cristino & Domenico Cupido & Giovanni Lucchese & Maria Rosaria Pascale & Attilio Toscano & Maurizio Mancini, 2020. "The Potential Role of Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Treating University Wastewater—Experience from Northern Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.

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