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Integrated Emergy and Economic Evaluation of Huzhou Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond Systems

Author

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  • Shaohui Liu

    (Center for Economic Development Research, Wuhan University, 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
    Center of Population, Resource & Environmental Economic Studies, Wuhan University, 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
    Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Qingwen Min

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Wenjun Jiao

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Chuanjiang Liu

    (Center for Economic Development Research, Wuhan University, 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
    Center of Population, Resource & Environmental Economic Studies, Wuhan University, 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Jianzhong Yin

    (Research Center for Sustainable Development of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, 88, Wenhua East Road, Lixia District, Jinan 250014, China)

Abstract

The Huzhou mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system (HMFS) is a compound structure of agriculture with interaction among several subsystems, and it is an effective example of a circular economy by exogenous input and waste reduction to maintain a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. As increases in rural urbanization and transition of peasants occur, the traditional systems remain in a constant state of change, along with different kinds of adaptation models. In this study, two main existing models are examined by field investigation and extensive literature analysis. Emergy theory and methods are adopted to make a further quantitative analysis from emergy structure and indices synthetically and systemically. In this process, the models of HMFS are split into several subsystems, including mulberry dyke, fish pond, rape dyke, and silkworm, in terms of a modularization approach. The proportion of combinations among different subsystems is calculated by the average production level of local peasants. The empirical results of emergy analysis indicate that the two existent patterns of HMFS are themselves superior in terms of environmental capacity and commercial efficiency. The mulberry–silkworm–fish model possesses more sustainable characteristics than the rape–fish model by the mass flow and energy flux. In addition, the rape–fish model may obtain considerably better economic returns by more inorganic resources, and thus achieve higher economic benefits. Therefore, the rape–fish model may be an evolutionary model to make directions for further research and protection, while other adaptive units are introduced to form multiple systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaohui Liu & Qingwen Min & Wenjun Jiao & Chuanjiang Liu & Jianzhong Yin, 2018. "Integrated Emergy and Economic Evaluation of Huzhou Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-11, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3860-:d:177961
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shaohui Liu & Wenjun Jiao & Qingwen Min & Jianzhong Yin, 2017. "The Influences of Production Factors with Profit on Agricultural Heritage Systems: A Case Study of the Rice-Fish System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Wenjun Jiao & Anthony M. Fuller & Siyuan Xu & Qingwen Min & Minfang Wu, 2016. "Socio-Ecological Adaptation of Agricultural Heritage Systems in Modern China: Three Cases in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-16, December.
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    1. Antonio Santoro & Qingyi Yu & Francesco Piras & Beatrice Fiore & Alessandra Bazzurro & Mauro Agnoletti, 2022. "From Flood Control System to Agroforestry Heritage System: Past, Present and Future of the Mulberry-Dykes and Fishponds System of Huzhou City, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Ziwei Li & Qiuying Ma & Yong Wang & Fengxue Shi & Haibo Jiang & Chunguang He, 2024. "Study on the Structure, Efficiency, and Driving Factors of an Eco-Agricultural Park Based on Emergy: A Case Study of Jinchuan Eco-Agricultural Park," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Xingguo Gu & Ying Wang & Keyi Shi & Fuyan Ke & Shanting Ying & Qixian Lai, 2022. "Emergy-Based Sustainability Evaluation of the Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond System on the South Bank of Taihu Lake, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Ran Zhou & Lu Huang & Ke Wang & Wenhao Hu, 2023. "From Productive Landscape to Agritouristic Landscape? The Evidence of an Agricultural Heritage System—Zhejiang Huzhou Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond System," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Yuan Shen & Linlin Shi & Yueyue Tao & Haihou Wang & Changying Lu & Siyuan Li & Mingxing Shen, 2022. "Sustainability Evaluation and Optimization on the Modern Agro-Pastoral Circular System Integrating Emergy Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Duian Lu & Jie Cheng & Zhenzhou Feng & Li Sun & Wei Mo & Degang Wang, 2022. "Emergy Synthesis of Two Oyster Aquaculture Systems in Zhejiang Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
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    8. Xingguo Gu & Qixian Lai & Moucheng Liu & Ziqun He & Qingyang Zhang & Qingwen Min, 2019. "Sustainability Assessment of a Qingyuan Mushroom Culture System Based on Emergy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-13, September.

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