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Risk Assessment and Management Strategy of Coastal Erosion in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

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  • Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam)

  • Guanxun Wang

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Wenyue Chen

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Jing Yu

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
    Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Ruonan Liu

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Xu Huang

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Xun Jiang

    (College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

  • Van Vuong Bui

    (Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
    Institute of Science and Technology for Energy & Environment, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam)

  • Dinh Nam Le

    (Institute of Earth Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam)

  • Van Phach Phung

    (Institute of Earth Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam)

Abstract

Climate change poses substantial threats to natural ecosystems and human livelihoods, particularly in coastal regions, by intensifying coastal erosion. This process leads to land loss, infrastructure damage, and habitat destruction while amplifying challenges such as sea-level rise, flooding, desertification, and salinization. In Vietnam’s Red River Delta (RRD), the dynamic interplay between erosion and accretion presents a highly complex challenge, necessitating effective risk assessment and management to safeguard communities and resources. Using the principles of natural disaster risk assessment and comprehensive analysis, this study develops a coastal erosion risk assessment framework incorporating hazard, exposure, and vulnerability dimensions. The framework integrates 17 indicators, including human activities, socioeconomic factors, shoreline type, and vegetation cover, with indicator weights determined through expert evaluation and the analytic hierarchy process. The application of this framework reveals that coastal erosion risk in the RRD is relatively high, with greater risk concentrated in the central and northern segments of the coastline compared to the flanking areas. This framework offers valuable insights for coastal erosion prevention, mitigation strategies, and the optimization of coastal spatial planning. The application of coastal erosion risk assessment methods provides a relatively complete foundation for developing comprehensive prevention and adaptation solutions in the future. Through the system of parameters and corresponding weights, it provides an overview of potential responses to future impacts while identifying current high-risk zones specifically and accurately, thereby assessing the importance of each parameter on that impact. Based on specific analysis of assessment results, a reasonable resource use and management policy can be developed to minimize related natural disasters. Therefore, two main groups of solutions proposed under the “Protection—Adaptation” strategy are proposed to prevent natural disasters, minimize risks and sustainably develop the coastal area of the RRD.

Suggested Citation

  • Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen & Guanxun Wang & Wenyue Chen & Jing Yu & Ruonan Liu & Xu Huang & Xun Jiang & Van Vuong Bui & Dinh Nam Le & Van Phach Phung, 2025. "Risk Assessment and Management Strategy of Coastal Erosion in the Red River Delta, Vietnam," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-35, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:6:p:1247-:d:1676092
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. M. Ferreira & C. Coelho & P. Narra, 2021. "Coastal erosion risk assessment to discuss mitigation strategies: Barra-Vagueira, Portugal," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(1), pages 1069-1107, January.
    2. Alexander D. Chapman & Stephen E. Darby & Hoàng M. Hồng & Emma L. Tompkins & Tri P. D. Van, 2016. "Adaptation and development trade-offs: fluvial sediment deposition and the sustainability of rice-cropping in An Giang Province, Mekong Delta," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 137(3), pages 593-608, August.
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