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Home Elevation Decisions in Post-Disaster Recovery: Social Vulnerability, Policy Gaps, and Lessons from Houston

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Listed:
  • Ivis García

    (Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 789 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA)

  • Zhihan Tao

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Urbana Champaign, Cunningham, 611 Lorado Taft Dr Suite 101, Champaign, IL 61820, USA)

  • Julia Orduña

    (Texas Housers, 20 N. Sampson St., Houston, TX 77003, USA)

  • Leslie Martínez-Román

    (Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 789 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA)

  • Windya Welideniya

    (Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 789 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA)

Abstract

This study examines the factors influencing home elevation decisions among participants in Houston’s Homeowner Assistance Program (HoAP) and the Texas General Land Office’s Homeowner Assistance Program (HAP) in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey and other flood events. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted surveys and semi-structured interviews with 50 homeowners, supplemented by secondary data analyses of program records and GIS-based flood risk assessments. Additionally, 25 undergraduate students engaged in a structured field trip, conducting site observations, interacting with residents, and discussing home elevation with experts. The findings reveal disparities in home elevation outcomes, with lower completion rates in socially vulnerable neighborhoods despite program eligibility. The study also identifies key factors influencing elevation decisions, including mobility concerns, financial constraints, neighborhood esthetics, and perceptions of long-term flood risk. Homeowners aged 60–79 were more likely to elevate their homes, while individuals with disabilities faced additional barriers. This research highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to improve program equity and ensure that vulnerable populations receive adequate support. Beyond its case study implications, this research contributes to broader discussions on disaster recovery, climate adaptation, and urban resilience. It also serves as a model for integrating student learning into community-based participatory research. While this study is limited in scope, it offers insights into the intersection of social vulnerability and housing adaptation, informing future policy efforts to enhance flood resilience in historically marginalized communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivis García & Zhihan Tao & Julia Orduña & Leslie Martínez-Román & Windya Welideniya, 2025. "Home Elevation Decisions in Post-Disaster Recovery: Social Vulnerability, Policy Gaps, and Lessons from Houston," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:4:p:689-:d:1619669
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Torsten Grothmann & Fritz Reusswig, 2006. "People at Risk of Flooding: Why Some Residents Take Precautionary Action While Others Do Not," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 38(1), pages 101-120, May.
    2. William Mobley & Kayode O. Atoba & Wesley E. Highfield, 2020. "Uncertainty in Flood Mitigation Practices: Assessing the Economic Benefits of Property Acquisition and Elevation in Flood-Prone Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Wei Zhang & Gabriele Villarini & Gabriel A. Vecchi & James A. Smith, 2018. "Urbanization exacerbated the rainfall and flooding caused by hurricane Harvey in Houston," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7731), pages 384-388, November.
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