IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v12y2023i5p1068-d1146723.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Geodiversity and Geoheritage to Promote Geotourism Using Augmented Reality and 3D Virtual Flights in the Arosa Estuary (NW Spain)

Author

Listed:
  • Antonio Martínez-Graña

    (Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

  • José Angel González-Delgado

    (Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Carlos Nieto

    (Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Vanessa Villalba

    (Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Teresa Cabero

    (Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

Abstract

Geoheritage constitutes a natural resource that promotes sustainable rural tourism by creating employment and activities that allow population settlement in unpopulated areas with great natural heritage. The objective of this work is to value the singularity and variety of the geosites, which show a wide geodiversity, with lithological, geomorphological, tectonic and natural process diversity (fluvial, coastal, sedimentary, etc.). In the “Arosa estuary” (Galicia, Spain), seven Geosites have been identified, described and valued, determining their scientific, educational and tourist-recreational potential and obtaining values between 565 and 660 points. The state of conservation and risk of degradation is analyzed in order to proceed with their geoconservation, promoting sustainable geo-tourism. The values of degradation susceptibility range between 0.03 and 3 points, and anthropic degradation between 0.33 and 1.73 points. A 3D virtual itinerary is made using Google Earth, implementing descriptive sheets, interpreted diagrams and photographs, and analysis of the geological processes. An interactive virtual flight is presented for academic and tourist purposes to promote geotourism. The virtual tour also has geomatic didactic elements: geoapp and georeferenced thematic cartographies. These resources are helpful for the unknown geoheritage of the population that lives or visits the “Arosa estuary”, favoring sustainable development and fostering attitudes and skills of respect for nature.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Martínez-Graña & José Angel González-Delgado & Carlos Nieto & Vanessa Villalba & Teresa Cabero, 2023. "Geodiversity and Geoheritage to Promote Geotourism Using Augmented Reality and 3D Virtual Flights in the Arosa Estuary (NW Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:5:p:1068-:d:1146723
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/5/1068/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/5/1068/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kyler B. Stanley & Lynn M. Resler & Lawrence W. Carstensen, 2023. "A Public Participation GIS for Geodiversity and Geosystem Services Mapping in a Mountain Environment: A Case from Grayson County, Virginia, U.S.A," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Eva Pescatore & Mario Bentivenga & Salvatore Ivo Giano, 2023. "Geoheritage and Geoconservation: Some Remarks and Considerations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Vladyslav Zakharovskyi & Károly Németh, 2021. "Quantitative-Qualitative Method for Quick Assessment of Geodiversity," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Wolniewicz, 2024. "The Combined Use of GIS and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Potential Geodiversity Sites and Promoting Geoheritage," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Piotr Migoń & Edyta Pijet-Migoń, 2024. "Non-Uniform Distribution of Geoheritage Resources in Geoparks—Problems, Challenges and Opportunities," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, February.
    3. Carlos E. Nieto & Antonio Miguel Martínez-Graña & Leticia Merchán, 2024. "Landscape Analysis and Coastal Planning: Ría de Arosa (Pontevedra, Spain)," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mária Barančoková & Daniela Hutárová & Maroš Nikolaj, 2023. "Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity for Conservation Purposes in Slovenské rudohorie Mountains (Slovakia)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-28, August.
    2. Emiliya Hamidova & Alberto Bosino & Laura Franceschi & Mattia De Amicis, 2024. "Nature-Based Solution Integration to Enhance Urban Geomorphological Mapping: A Methodological Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-28, April.
    3. Vladyslav Zakharovskyi & Károly Németh, 2021. "Qualitative-Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity of Western Samoa (SW Pacific) to Identify Places of Interest for Further Geoconservation, Geoeducation, and Geotourism Development," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 1(3), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Borut Stojilković, 2022. "Towards Transferable Use of Terrain Ruggedness Component in the Geodiversity Index," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Tomasz Bartuś & Wojciech Mastej, 2023. "Morphodiversity as a Tool in Geoconservation: A Case Study in a Mountain Area (Pieniny Mts, Poland)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-27, July.
    6. Vladyslav Zakharovskyi & Károly Németh, 2023. "Recognition of Potential Geosites Utilizing a Hydrological Model within Qualitative–Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity in the Manawatu River Catchment, New Zealand," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-19, February.
    7. Paolo Oppizzi & Federico Pasquaré Mariotto & Rudolf Stockar & Andrea Stella & Noemi Corti & Martina Pedicini & Sergio Andò & Giovanni Vezzoli & Fabio Luca Bonali, 2023. "Geosites in the Gole della Breggia Geopark, Ticino, Southern Switzerland," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, October.
    8. Mario Bentivenga & Eva Pescatore & Marco Piccarreta & Fabrizio Terenzio Gizzi & Nicola Masini & Salvatore Ivo Giano, 2024. "Geoheritage and Geoconservation, from Theory to Practice: The Ghost Town of Craco (Matera District, Basilicata Region, Southern Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-39, March.
    9. Vladyslav Zakharovskyi & Károly Németh, 2022. "Geomorphological Model Comparison for Geosites, Utilizing Qualitative–Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity, Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-20, October.
    10. Vladyslav Zakharovskyi & Károly Németh, 2022. "Scale Influence on Qualitative–Quantitative Geodiversity Assessments for the Geosite Recognition of Western Samoa," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Laura Valentini & Veronica Guerra & Olivia Nesci, 2023. "The Mt. Catria–Mt. Nerone Ridge in the North-Marchean Apennines (Central Italy): A Potential Geopark?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.
    12. Zhao, Fang & Xu, Yi & Ma, Wanying, 2023. "Geodiversity and natural resource management: The importance of combustible renewables and waste in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    13. Mousa, Fatma A. & Ruban, Dmitry A. & Abu El-Hassan, Mohamed M. & Sallam, Emad S., 2024. "Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic geoheritage resources of the Kharga Oasis (Egypt): Novel assessment, exploitation perspectives, and policy implications," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    14. Tianyu Rong & Shuting Xu & Yayan Lu & Yanjun Tong & Zhaoping Yang, 2022. "Quantitative Assessment of Spatial Pattern of Geodiversity in the Tibetan Plateau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:5:p:1068-:d:1146723. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.