IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v12y2023i10p1890-d1255693.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Quantification of Amu River Riverbank Erosion in Balkh Province of Afghanistan during 2004–2020

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada

    (Faculty of Engineering Geology and Mines, Jowzjan University, Jowzjan 1901, Afghanistan
    Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan)

  • Divyesh Varade

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota 181221, India)

  • Sawahiko Shimada

    (Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan)

  • Hiromu Okazawa

    (Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan)

  • Shafiqullah Aryan

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan)

  • Gulbuddin Gulab

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar 2601, Afghanistan)

  • Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Humaira Rizwana

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Yogesh K. Ahlawat

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA)

  • Hosam O. Elansary

    (Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

In this study, we propose quantifying the Amu River riverbank erosion with the modelled river discharge in Kaldar District, Balkh Province of Afghanistan from 2004 to 2020. We propose a framework synergizing multi-source information for modelling the erosion area based on three components: (1) river discharge, (2) river width, and (3) erosion area. The total river discharge for the watershed shared by Afghanistan and Tajikistan was modelled using hydrological parameters from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data through multivariate linear regression with ground station data. The river width was determined manually using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from Landsat data. The riverbank erosion area was derived from the digital shoreline analysis using the NDWI. The digital shoreline analysis showed that, between 2008 and 2020, the average riverbank erosion area in Kaldar District is about 5.4 km 2 per year, and, overall, 86.3 km 2 during 2004–2020 due to flood events. The significantly higher land loss events occurred at 10 km 2 bank erosion during the years 2008–2009 and 2015–2016, and 19 km 2 peak erosion occurred during 2011–2012. A linear relation between the erosion area with respect to the discharge intensity and the specific stream power was observed with an R 2 of 0.84 and RMSE of 1.761 for both.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada & Divyesh Varade & Sawahiko Shimada & Hiromu Okazawa & Shafiqullah Aryan & Gulbuddin Gulab & Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa & Humaira Rizwana & Yogesh K. Ahlawat & Hosam O. Elansar, 2023. "Quantification of Amu River Riverbank Erosion in Balkh Province of Afghanistan during 2004–2020," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:1890-:d:1255693
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/10/1890/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/10/1890/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Masood Ahmad & Mahwash Wasiq, 2004. "Water Resource Development in Northern Afghanistan and Its Implications for Amu Darya Basin," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14939, December.
    2. Mizanur Rahman & Jeff Popke & Thomas W. Crawford, 2022. "Resident perceptions of riverbank erosion and shoreline protection: a mixed-methods case study from Bangladesh," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(3), pages 2767-2786, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ziauddin Safari & Sayed Tamim Rahimi & Kamal Ahmed & Ahmad Sharafati & Ghaith Falah Ziarh & Shamsuddin Shahid & Tarmizi Ismail & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Eun-Sung Chung & Xiaojun Wang, 2021. "Estimation of Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Soil Erosion in a Cold Arid River Basin in Hindu Kush Mountainous Region Using Remote Sensing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, February.
    2. William Byrd & Martin Raiser, 2006. "Economic Cooperation in the Wider Central Asia Region," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6969, December.
    3. Wegerich, Kai & Olsson, Oliver & Froebrich, Jochen, 2007. "Reliving the past in a changed environment: Hydropower ambitions, opportunities and constraints in Tajikistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3815-3825, July.
    4. Danish, Mir Sayed Shah & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Sabory, Najib Rahman & Danish, Sayed Mir Shah & Ludin, Gul Ahmad & Noorzad, Ahmad Samim & Yona, Atsushi, 2017. "Afghanistan's aspirations for energy independence: Water resources and hydropower energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1276-1287.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    riverbank erosion; river discharge; NDWI; Landsat; ERA5;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:1890-:d:1255693. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.