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Fire Occurrence in Hemi-Boreal Forests: Exploring Natural and Cultural Scots Pine Fire Regimes Using Dendrochronology in Lithuania

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Manton

    (Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania)

  • Charles Ruffner

    (School of Forestry and Horticulture, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4411, USA)

  • Gintautas Kibirkštis

    (Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Gediminas Brazaitis

    (Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania)

  • Vitas Marozas

    (Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania)

  • Rūtilė Pukienė

    (Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Ekaterina Makrickiene

    (Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 13, LT-53362 Akademija, Lithuania)

  • Per Angelstam

    (Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, N-2480 Koppang, Norway
    School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden)

Abstract

Fire is an important natural disturbance and a driver of hemi-boreal forest successional trajectories, structural complexity, and biodiversity. Understanding the historic fire regime is an important step towards sustainable forest management. Focusing on Lithuania’s hemi-boreal forests, we first mapped the potential natural fire regimes based on the relationship between site conditions, vegetation, and fire frequency using the ASIO model. The ASIO model revealed that all the fire frequency categories (Absent, Seldom, Intermittent, Often) are found in Lithuania. Scots pine forests dominated the often fire frequency category (92%). Secondly, focusing on a fire-prone forest landscape, Dzūkija, we analyzed the fire occurrence of Scots pine forest types using dendrochronological records. We sampled and cross-dated 132 Scots pine samples with fire scars from four dry forest stands (n = 92) and four peatland forest stands (n = 40), respectively. In total, the fire history analysis revealed 455 fire scars and 213 fire events during the period of 1742–2019. The Weibull median fire intervals were 2.7 years (range 1–34) for the dry forest types and 6.3 years (range 1–27) for the peatland forest types. Analysis pre- and post-1950 showed the Weibull median fire interval increased from 2.2 to 7.2 for the dry forest types but decreased from 6.2 to 5.2. for the peatland forest types. A superposed epoch analysis revealed significant precipitation fluxes prior to the fire events after 1950. Thus, the Dzūkija landscape of Lithuania has been strongly shaped by both human and naturally induced fires. The combination of theory (the ASIO model) with the examination of biological archives can be used to help guide sustainable forest management to emulate forest disturbances related to fire. As traditional forest management focusing on wood production has eliminated fire, and effectively simplified forest ecosystems, we recommend introducing educational programs to communicate the benefits and history of forest fires as well as adaptive management trials that use low-intensity prescribed burning of Scots pine stands.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Manton & Charles Ruffner & Gintautas Kibirkštis & Gediminas Brazaitis & Vitas Marozas & Rūtilė Pukienė & Ekaterina Makrickiene & Per Angelstam, 2022. "Fire Occurrence in Hemi-Boreal Forests: Exploring Natural and Cultural Scots Pine Fire Regimes Using Dendrochronology in Lithuania," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:260-:d:745708
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Per Angelstam & Michael Manton, 2021. "Effects of Forestry Intensification and Conservation on Green Infrastructures: A Spatio-Temporal Evaluation in Sweden," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-29, May.
    2. Christensen, Paul P., 1989. "Historical roots for ecological economics -- Biophysical versus allocative approaches," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 17-36, February.
    3. E. Q. Margolis & C. A. Woodhouse & T. W. Swetnam, 2017. "Drought, multi-seasonal climate, and wildfire in northern New Mexico," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 142(3), pages 433-446, June.
    4. Per Angelstam & Michael Manton & Taras Yamelynets & Ole Jakob Sørensen & Svetlana V. Kondrateva (Stepanova), 2020. "Landscape Approach towards Integrated Conservation and Use of Primeval Forests: The Transboundary Kovda River Catchment in Russia and Finland," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-27, May.
    5. Michael Manton & Evaldas Makrickas & Piotr Banaszuk & Aleksander Kołos & Andrzej Kamocki & Mateusz Grygoruk & Marta Stachowicz & Leonas Jarašius & Nerijus Zableckis & Jūratė Sendžikaitė & Jan Peters &, 2021. "Assessment and Spatial Planning for Peatland Conservation and Restoration: Europe’s Trans-Border Neman River Basin as a Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-27, February.
    6. Meg Krawchuk & Steve Cumming & Mike Flannigan, 2009. "Predicted changes in fire weather suggest increases in lightning fire initiation and future area burned in the mixedwood boreal forest," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 92(1), pages 83-97, January.
    7. Michael Manton & Per Angelstam, 2018. "Defining Benchmarks for Restoration of Green Infrastructure: A Case Study Combining the Historical Range of Variability of Habitat and Species’ Requirements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Per Angelstam & Terrence Bush & Michael Manton, 2023. "Challenges and Solutions for Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Sweden: Assessment of Policy, Implementation Outputs, and Consequences," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-58, May.

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